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French language --- French wit and humor --- Idioms --- Slang --- Francophony --- Particularities --- Dictionary --- Dictionary.

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The policies relating to language pursued by European monarchies and states have been widely studied, but far less attention has been given to their linguistic and cultural policies in territories outside their own borders. This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to filling that gap, distinguishing and analysing several different types of linguistic and foreign cultural policies. Such policies, the contributors show, tended not to be proclaimed officially, but they nonetheless had lasting effects on both language and culture in Europe and beyond.

Sociolinguistics --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- Europe --- Language policy. --- Cultural policy. --- Intellectual life --- State encouragement of science, literature, and art --- Culture --- Popular culture --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Government policy --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Foreign relations --- Language policy Language contacts Linguistic imperialism Multilingualism Francophony Modern History.