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The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified on July 9, 1868, identified all legitimate voters as "male." In so doing, it added gender-specific language to the U.S. Constitution for the first time. Suffrage Reconstructed is the first book to consider how and why the amendment's authors made this decision. Vividly detailing congressional floor bickering and activist campaigning, Laura E. Free takes readers into the pre- and postwar fights over precisely who should have the right to vote. Free demonstrates that all men, black and white, were the ultimate victors of these fights, as gender became the single most important marker of voting rights during Reconstruction. Free argues that the Fourteenth Amendment's language was shaped by three key groups: African American activists who used ideas about manhood to claim black men's right to the ballot, postwar congressmen who sought to justify enfranchising southern black men, and women's rights advocates who began to petition Congress for the ballot for the first time as the Amendment was being drafted. To prevent women's inadvertent enfranchisement, and to incorporate formerly disfranchised black men into the voting polity, the Fourteenth Amendment's congressional authors turned to gender to define the new American voter. Faced with this exclusion some woman suffragists, most notably Elizabeth Cady Stanton, turned to rhetorical racism in order to mount a campaign against sex as a determinant of one's capacity to vote. Stanton's actions caused a rift with Frederick Douglass and a schism in the fledgling woman suffrage movement. By integrating gender analysis and political history, Suffrage Reconstructed offers a new interpretation of the Civil War-era remaking of American democracy, placing African American activists and women's rights advocates at the heart of nineteenth-century American conversations about public policy, civil rights, and the franchise.

Women's rights --- Suffrage --- African Americans --- Women --- Franchise --- Right to vote --- Voting rights --- Political rights --- Plebiscite --- Representative government and representation --- Voting --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- History --- Law and legislation --- United States. --- United States --- Politics and government --- Black people --- Fourteenth Amendment, Voting Rights, sufferage, Congress, Women's Sufferage, Racism, reconstruction.

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"Mad River, Marjorie Rowland, and the Quest for LGBTQ Teachers' Rights addresses an important legal case that set the stage for today's LGBTQ civil rights-a case that almost no one has heard of. Marjorie Rowland v. Mad River School District involves an Ohio guidance counselor fired in 1974 for being bisexual. Rowland's case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the justices declined to consider it. In a spectacular published dissent, Justice Brennan laid out arguments for why the First and Fourteenth Amendments apply to bisexuals, gays, and lesbians. That dissent has been the foundation for LGBTQ civil rights advances since. In the first in-depth treatment of this foundational legal case, authors Margaret A. Nash and Karen L. Graves tell the story of that case and of Marjorie Rowland, the pioneer who fought for employment rights for LGBTQ educators and who paid a heavy price for that fight. It brings the story of LGBTQ educators' rights to the present, including commentary on Bostock v Clayton County, the 2020 Supreme Court case that struck down employment discrimination against LGBT workers"--

Sexual minorities in education --- Discrimination in employment --- Sexual minorities --- Law and legislation --- Cases. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Rowland, Marjorie H. --- Trials, litigation, etc. --- Mad River Local School District (Montgomery County, Ohio) --- LGBTQ, queer, Law, sociology, rights, legal right, civil right, teachers, workers, Marjorie Rowland, Mad River, teachers' rights, Marjorie Rowland v. Mad River School District, discrimination, Justice Brennan, Supreme Court, LGBTQ civil rights, employment rights, Bostock v Clayton County, First Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, I Amendment, XIV Amendment, coming out, closet, history, change, Ohio, policy, politics, culture wars, education, school counselor, guidance counselor.

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Introduction -- The right to free speech : students and the Black freedom struggle in Mississippi -- The right to equal protection : segregation and inequality in the Denver public schools -- The right to due process : student discipline and civil rights in Columbus, Ohio -- A right to equal education : the fourteenth amendment and American schools -- Tinker's troubled legacy : discipline, disorder, and race in the schools, 1968-1983 -- Epilogue.

Nineteen sixties --- Students --- Social aspects. --- Civil rights --- History --- United States. --- Blackwell v. Issaquena. --- Brown v. Board. --- Burnside v. Byars. --- Chicano Movement. --- Children’s Defense Fund. --- Eighth Amendment. --- First Amendment. --- Fourteenth Amendment. --- Fourth Amendment. --- Freedom Summer. --- Goss v. Lopez. --- Ingraham v. Wright. --- Keyes v. School District. --- Mexican American. --- Mississippi. --- Southern Regional Council. --- Supreme Court. --- Tinker v. Des Moines. --- United Nations. --- bilingual education. --- children’s rights. --- civil rights. --- constitutional law. --- corporal punishment. --- de facto segregation. --- desegregation. --- due process. --- equal educational opportunity. --- equal protection. --- free speech. --- gun violence. --- mass incarceration. --- racial discrimination. --- racial disparities. --- right to education. --- right to literacy. --- right to privacy. --- school desegregation. --- school discipline. --- school segregation. --- student movement. --- student protest. --- students with disabilities. --- students’ rights. --- suspensions.

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Of the many challenges facing liberal democracy, none is as powerful and pervasive today as those posed by religion. These are the challenges taken up in Obligations of Citizenship and Demands of Faith, an exploration of the place of religion in contemporary public life. The essays in this volume suggest that two important shifts have altered the balance between the competing obligations of citizenship and faith: the growth of religious pluralism and the escalating calls of religious groups for some measure of autonomy or recognition from democratic majorities. The authors--political theorists, philosophers, legal scholars, and social scientists--collectively argue that more room should be made for religion in today's democratic societies. Though they advocate different ways of carving out and justifying the proper bounds of "church and state" in pluralist democracies, they all write from within democratic theory and share the aim of democratic accommodation of religion. Alert to national differences in political circumstances and the particularities of constitutional and legal systems, these contributors consider the question of religious accommodation from the standpoint of institutional practices and law as well as that of normative theory. Unique in its interdisciplinary approach and comparative focus, this volume makes a timely and much-needed intervention in current debates about religion and politics. The contributors are Nancy L. Rosenblum, Alan Wolfe, Ronald Thiemann, Michael McConnell, Graham Walker, Amy Gutmann, Kent Greenawalt, Aviam Soifer, Harry Hirsch, Gary Jacobsohn, Yael Tamir, Martha Nussbaum, and Carol Weisbrod.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- #A0309PSA --- Citizenship --- Democracy --- Religion and politics. --- Religious aspects. --- Religion and politics --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Politics and religion --- Religion --- Religions --- Religious aspects --- Political aspects --- Democratie --- Religion et politique. --- Aspect religieux. --- Activism. --- Alan Wolfe. --- Amendment. --- Americans. --- Attempt. --- Baptists. --- Buddhism. --- Catholic Church. --- Christianity. --- Citizenship. --- City of Boerne v. Flores. --- Civil Rights Act of 1964. --- Civil society. --- Clergy. --- Conscientious objector. --- Consideration. --- Constitutional law. --- Constitutionalism. --- Constitutionality. --- Criticism. --- Deliberation. --- Democracy. --- Determination. --- Doctrine. --- Due process. --- Employment Division v. Smith. --- Equal Protection Clause. --- Establishment Clause. --- Exclusion. --- Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. --- Free Exercise Clause. --- Freedom of religion. --- Freedom of speech. --- God. --- Hate speech. --- Heresy. --- Hindu nationalism. --- Hinduism. --- Ideology. --- Individualism. --- Infidel. --- Institution. --- International human rights law. --- International law. --- Irreligion. --- Jehovah's Witnesses. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Judicial interpretation. --- Jurisdiction. --- Jurisprudence. --- Law and religion. --- Legislation. --- Liberal democracy. --- Liberalism. --- Major religious groups. --- Morality. --- Multiculturalism. --- Nonbeliever. --- Of Education. --- Orthodox Judaism. --- Oxford University Press. --- Peyote. --- Political philosophy. --- Political science. --- Politics. --- Precedent. --- Protestantism. --- Public policy. --- Public reason. --- Racism. --- Relativism. --- Religion. --- Religiosity. --- Religious Freedom Restoration Act. --- Religious community. --- Religious discrimination. --- Religious law. --- Religious organization. --- Religious pluralism. --- Religious text. --- Religious war. --- Rights. --- Secular humanism. --- Secular state. --- Secularism. --- Secularization. --- Separation of church and state. --- Separation of powers. --- Separatism. --- Sherbert v. Verner. --- Skepticism. --- Slavery. --- State religion. --- Statute. --- Tax. --- The Other Hand. --- Theocracy. --- Toleration. --- Wisconsin v. Yoder.

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Hadley Arkes argues that it is necessary to move "beyond the Constitution," to the principles that stood antecedent to the text, if we are to understand the text and apply the Constitution to the cases that arise every day in our law.

Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Derecho constitucional --- Aspectos morales. --- Estados Unidos --- Historia constitucional. --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Америка (Republic) --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- САЩ --- Съединените щати --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- ولايات المتحدة --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- 미국 --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Amerik --- Америк --- Amerikiĭn Nėgdsėn Uls --- Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс --- ANU --- АНУ --- Северо-Американские Штаты --- Северо-Американские Соединенные Штаты --- Сѣверо-Американскіе Соединенные Штаты --- Соединенные Штаты Америки --- Соединенные Штаты Северной Америки --- Соединенные Штаты Сѣверной Америки --- США --- ЗДА --- Зьєднані Держави Америки --- Andrew, John. --- Aquinas, Thomas. --- Aristotle. --- Articles of Confederation. --- Baby Doe cases. --- Bazelon, David. --- Bentham, Jeremy. --- Blackstone, Sir William. --- Bolling v. Sharpe. --- Brigham Young University. --- California v. Byers. --- Campbell, John. --- Categorical imperative. --- Catholic University. --- Civil Rights Acts. --- Concordia Lutheran College. --- Dallas Theological Seminary. --- David and Bathsheba. --- Dershowitz, Alan. --- Dworkin, Ronald. --- Edwards v. California. --- Emerson, Thomas. --- Ex parte Quirin. --- Fair Housing Act of 1968. --- Federalists. --- Fourteenth Amendment. --- Georgetown University. --- Goldstein, Abraham. --- Grotius, Hugo. --- Hammond, Bray. --- Heidt, Robert. --- Hobbes, Thomas. --- Hyde Amendment. --- Immunity Act of 1893. --- In re Quarles. --- Jacobsohn, Gary. --- Jacobson, Jake. --- Johnson, William. --- Kelsen, Hans. --- Laqueur, Walter. --- Levinson, Sanford. --- Marshall, Burke. --- McDowell, Gary. --- Merrimack College. --- Moynihan, Daniel P. --- Nixon administration. --- Papandreou, Andreas. --- Plea bargaining. --- Prudential Insurance. --- Reid, Thomas. --- Self-incrimination. --- Socrates. --- Thirteenth Amendment. --- abortion.