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The food processing industries produce millions of tons of losses and waste during processing, which are becoming a grave economic, environmental, and nutritional problem. Fruit, vegetable, and food industrial solid waste include leaves, peels, pomace, skins, rinds pulp, stems, seeds, twigs, and spoiled fruits and vegetables, among other waste released in food production, which can be formed during cleaning, processing, cooking, and/or packaging. These wastes are characterized by being an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, pigments, and oils, among others. These bioactive compounds are closely associated with beneficial effects on human health. These by-products can be exploited in different industries: in food industries for the development of functional ingredients and/or new foods or natural additives; in pharmaceutical industries for medicinal, healthcare, or cosmetic products; in agricultural industries as fertilizers or animal feed; and in chemical industries, among others. The reutilization of these by-products will ensure the sustainable development of food industries and reduce their environmental impact, which will contribute to the fight against environmental problems, leading to potential mitigation of climatic change. Therefore, the determination of bioactive compound composition in agricultural and food waste and the production of extracts containing these compounds is the first step towards its reutilization.

Research. --- Biology. --- Food --- Natural red pigment --- Monascus purpureus --- Brewer’s spent grain --- Submerged fermentation --- Plackett-Burman design --- Chemical characterization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- Cucumis melo --- polyphenols --- flavonoids --- antioxidants --- by-products --- waste valorization --- LC-MS/MS --- fatty acids --- antioxidant activity --- reutilization of food waste --- salted egg white --- ovalbumin --- extraction --- aqueous two-phase flotation --- cork --- volatile compounds --- aroma --- waste --- bioactive compounds --- food waste --- functional foods --- characterization and extraction --- phytochemicals --- climatic change --- phenolic compounds --- Social aspects. --- Natural red pigment --- Monascus purpureus --- Brewer’s spent grain --- Submerged fermentation --- Plackett-Burman design --- Chemical characterization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- Cucumis melo --- polyphenols --- flavonoids --- antioxidants --- by-products --- waste valorization --- LC-MS/MS --- fatty acids --- antioxidant activity --- reutilization of food waste --- salted egg white --- ovalbumin --- extraction --- aqueous two-phase flotation --- cork --- volatile compounds --- aroma --- waste --- bioactive compounds --- food waste --- functional foods --- characterization and extraction --- phytochemicals --- climatic change --- phenolic compounds

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Sol–gel technology is a contemporary advancement in science that requires taking a multidisciplinary approach with regard to its various applications. This book highlights some applications of the sol–gel technology, including protective coatings, catalysts, piezoelectric devices, wave guides, lenses, high-strength ceramics, superconductors, synthesis of nanoparticles, and insulating materials. In particular, for biotechnological applications, biomolecules or the incorporation of bioactive substances into the sol–gel matrix has been extensively studied and has been a challenge for many researchers. Some sol–gel materials are widely applied in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensing, catalysis, integration in photovoltaic devices, and more recently in biosensing, bioimaging, or medical diagnosis; others can be considered excellent drug delivery systems. The goal of an ideal drug delivery system is the prompt delivery of a therapeutic amount of the drug to the proper site in the body, where the desired drug concentration can be maintained. The interactions between drugs and the sol–gel system can affect the release rate. In conclusion, the sol–gel synthesis method offers mixing at the molecular level and is able to improve the chemical homogeneity of the resulting composite. This opens new doors not only regarding

silsesquioxanes --- thiol-ene click reaction --- conformal coating --- multi-layer --- oxyfluoride glass-ceramics --- nanocrystal --- lithium lanthanum titanium oxide --- surface plasmon resonance --- chlorogenic acid --- thin-disk laser --- biomedical applications --- biomaterials --- potential step voltammetry --- mechanical analysis --- metal oxides --- biocompatibility --- tungsten oxide --- Li-ion batteries --- sol-gel technique --- optical properties --- bioactivity --- LiMnxFe(1?x)PO4 --- computer-aided design (CAD) --- hybrid materials --- resistive random access memory (RRAM) --- poly(?-caprolactone) --- Yb-doped glasses --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- organic–inorganic hybrid materials --- carbon coating --- ultrasonic spray deposition --- 1D structure --- hydrophobic coatings --- sol-gel --- organic-inorganic hybrids --- composites --- paper --- wettability --- pseudo-diffusion coefficient --- lithium-ion battery --- cytotoxicity --- X-ray diffraction analysis --- TG-FTIR --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis --- photoluminescence --- cell proliferation --- cell cycle --- aluminosilicate glasses --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- optical sensors --- hollow sphere --- TG-DSC --- NMR --- cotton fabric --- organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) --- one transistor and one resistor (1T1R) --- sol–gel method --- SiO2–based hybrids --- sol-gel method --- in situ water production

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Today, thin films are near-ubiquitous and are utilised in a very wide range of industrially and scientifically important areas. These include familiar everyday instances such as anti-reflective coatings on ophthalmic lenses, smartphone optics, photovoltaics, decorative, and tool coatings. A range of somewhat more exotic applications also exists, such as astronomical instrumentation (e.g., ultra-low loss dielectric mirrors and beam splitters in gravitational wave detectors, such as laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO)), gas sensing, medical devices and implants, and accelerator coatings (e.g., coatings for the large hadron collider (LHC), and compact linear collider (CLIC) experiments at European organization for nuclear research (CERN)). This Special Issue will provide a platform for researchers working in any area within this highly diverse field to share and exchange their latest research findings. The Special Issue contains novel studies encompassing material characterisation techniques, a range of thin-film coating deposition processes and applications of such technology.

PECVD --- plasma diagnostics --- nc-Si:H --- RF-PECVD --- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- quadruple mass spectrometry (QMS) --- optical emission spectroscopy (OES) --- X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) --- micro hollow glass spheres (MHGS) --- solid micro glass spheres (SMGS) --- liquid phase deposition (LPD) --- aluminum coating --- β-Ga2O3 --- MOCVD --- VI/III ratio --- scandium stabilized zirconia thin films --- e-beam physical vapor deposition --- thin films ceramics --- Raman spectroscopy --- X-ray diffraction --- initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) --- superhydrophobic --- fluoropolymer --- thin film --- atomic layer deposition --- nanomechanics --- Young’s modulus --- shear modulus --- resonant frequency --- Q-factor --- microcantilevers --- internal stress --- nickel–chromium --- thin film thermocouples --- physical vapor deposition --- flat film extrusion --- foil quality --- MgF2 --- color center absorption --- density --- crystal frequency --- stress --- adhesion --- polarization controlling --- dual functional-metalens --- focusing --- splitting --- PVD coatings --- nanoindentation --- brittle cracking --- fracture toughness --- diamond coatings --- residual stresses --- interfacial fatigue strength --- annealing --- milling --- n/a --- Young's modulus --- nickel-chromium

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The book presents a collection of original scientific studies aimed at identifying the pigments and dyes in several archaeological or historical objects and artworks. The objects under investigation span from ancient Greek vases to modern paintings, and show the importance of scientific analysis not only to reveal the artists’ materials in different contexts, but also to support conservation and curatorial strategies for the preservation and display of cultural heritage.

Research & information: general --- Late Cycladic I --- brominated indigoids --- Muricidae --- murex --- purpurissum --- true purple --- microRaman --- FTIR --- HPLC-DAD --- weld lake pigments --- yellow lakes --- luteolin --- 19th century --- Winsor &amp --- Newton --- conservation --- Liu Kang --- SEM-EDS --- MA-XRF --- IRFC --- X-RAY --- RTI --- hidden paintings --- pigments --- synthetic organic pigments --- royal talens --- handheld raman spectroscopy --- microraman spectroscopy --- modern artist oil paint --- urolithin C --- brazilein --- brazilwood marker component --- historical textile --- alteration --- cadmium orange --- chlorine --- selenium --- terracotta --- maize stem --- New Spain --- computerized tomography --- Raman --- SEM-EDX --- Mexican sculpture --- polychrome sculpture --- Maria Sibylla Merian --- colored prints --- hyperspectral imaging --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- photometric stereo --- Prussian blue --- non-invasive pigment characterization --- textiles --- dyes --- Peru --- ambient ionization mass spectrometry --- DART-MS --- paper spray MS --- HPLC --- non-invasive techniques --- FORS --- XRF --- illuminated manuscripts --- brazilwood --- colourants --- Antoine de Lonhy --- Torino --- reflectance spectroscopy --- SERS --- synthetic dyes --- Tholu Bommalata --- puppets --- pigment identification --- Raman spectroscopy --- scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy --- microstratigraphic analysis --- Viking Age --- dyestuff --- HPLC-DAD-MS --- aragonite --- Brunswick green --- clinochlore --- mortars --- ultramarine yellow --- vermilion --- wall paintings --- XRD --- Henri Matisse --- cut-outs --- gouache --- Pigment identification --- light sensitivity --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- microfaedometry (MFT) --- Late Cycladic I --- brominated indigoids --- Muricidae --- murex --- purpurissum --- true purple --- microRaman --- FTIR --- HPLC-DAD --- weld lake pigments --- yellow lakes --- luteolin --- 19th century --- Winsor &amp --- Newton --- conservation --- Liu Kang --- SEM-EDS --- MA-XRF --- IRFC --- X-RAY --- RTI --- hidden paintings --- pigments --- synthetic organic pigments --- royal talens --- handheld raman spectroscopy --- microraman spectroscopy --- modern artist oil paint --- urolithin C --- brazilein --- brazilwood marker component --- historical textile --- alteration --- cadmium orange --- chlorine --- selenium --- terracotta --- maize stem --- New Spain --- computerized tomography --- Raman --- SEM-EDX --- Mexican sculpture --- polychrome sculpture --- Maria Sibylla Merian --- colored prints --- hyperspectral imaging --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- photometric stereo --- Prussian blue --- non-invasive pigment characterization --- textiles --- dyes --- Peru --- ambient ionization mass spectrometry --- DART-MS --- paper spray MS --- HPLC --- non-invasive techniques --- FORS --- XRF --- illuminated manuscripts --- brazilwood --- colourants --- Antoine de Lonhy --- Torino --- reflectance spectroscopy --- SERS --- synthetic dyes --- Tholu Bommalata --- puppets --- pigment identification --- Raman spectroscopy --- scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy --- microstratigraphic analysis --- Viking Age --- dyestuff --- HPLC-DAD-MS --- aragonite --- Brunswick green --- clinochlore --- mortars --- ultramarine yellow --- vermilion --- wall paintings --- XRD --- Henri Matisse --- cut-outs --- gouache --- Pigment identification --- light sensitivity --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- microfaedometry (MFT)