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Einleitung Kapitel I. Gesamtbeurteilung der Wirtschaftslage -Überblick: Der Aufschwung verläuft langsam -Merkmale des Konjunkturzyklus und geopolitische Risiken -Stärke und generelle Dynamik des Aufschwungs -Die Hauptrisiken liegen weiterhin im negativen Bereich -Herausforderungen für die makroökonomische Politik -Energischere Umsetzung der Strukturreformen zur Förderung des Wachstums und der Schockresistenz -Anhang: Das mittelfristige Referenzszenario Kapitel II. Entwicklung in den einzelnen OECD-Ländern -Vereinigte Staaten -Japan -Deutschland -Frankreich -Italien -Vereinigtes Königreich -Kanada -Australien -Belgien -Dänemark -Finnland -Griechenland -Irland -Island -Korea -Luxemburg -Mexiko -Neuseeland -Niederlande -Norwegen -Österreich -Polen -Portugal -Schweden -Schweiz -Slowakische Republik -Spanien -Tschechische Republik -Türkei -Ungarn Kapitel III. Entwicklung in ausgewählten Nicht-OECD-Volkswirtschaften -China -Die Russische Föderation -Brasilien Kapitel IV. Nach dem Platzen der Telekommunikationsblase -Einleitung -Das Blatt sich gewendet -Politikimplikationen Kapitel V. Strukturpolitik und Wachstum -Einleitung -Divergierende Wachstumstrends -Erklärung der Unterschiede beim Arbeitseinsatz -Erklärung der Unterschiede in der Intensität der Sach- und Humankapitalbildung -Erklärung der Unterschiede beim technischen Fortschritt Kapitel VI. Trends der ausländischen Direktinvestitionen im OECD-Raum -Einleitung -Strukturen der ausländischen Direktinvestitionen -Ausländische Direktinvestitionen und Außenhandel Kapitel VII. Beschränkungen für ausländische Direktinvestitionen in OECD-Ländern -Einleitung -Verschiedene Arten von Hemmnissen für ausländische Direktinvestitionen -Offenheitsgrad der OECD-Länder für ausländische Direktinvestitionen (ca. 1998-2000) -Liberalisierung der ausländischen Direktinvestitionen seit 1980 Kapitel VIII. Einfluss der Politik auf ausländischen Direktinvestitionen -Einleitung -Politikeinflüsse und sonstige Bestimmungsfaktoren für ausländische Direktinvestitionen -Die Effekte von Politikreformen auf ausländische Direktinvestitionen Verzeichnis der Sonderkapitel in den letzten Ausgaben des OECD-Wirtschaftsausblicks Statistischer Anhang -Ländereinstufung -Gewichtungsschema für aggregierte Messgrößen -National account reporting systems and base-years -Anhangstabellen (englische Fassung).
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Chapitre 1. Couverture et table des matières Chapitre 2. Vue d'ensemble Chapitre3. Hypothèses économqiues et politiques Chapitre 4. Cérérales Chapitre 5. Analyse de sensibilité de la variabilité des rendements Chapitre 6. Oléagineux Chapitre 7. Principaux déterminants du développement futur de l'agriculture et des échanges agricoles de l"Ukraine Chapitre 8. Sucre Chapitre 9. Viande Chapitre 10. Produits laitiers Chapitre 11. Le développements des marchés agricoles dans l'UE après l'élargissement Chaptre 12. Annexes.
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In this paper, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have drawn together available research findings on the benefits of trade liberalization as well as on the obstacles to trade-oriented development.
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Recent developments in the international economy have given rise to concern about the effects of international trade and foreign direct investment on domestic employment and wages. These concerns include fears that: jobs are being "siphoned out" of many highly industrialised countries by catching up economies; the high share of comparatively low skill-intensive products in the imports from catching up economies may be contributing to the decline of wages of workers in advanced industrialised countries with high school or lower levels of education relative to those who have attended college; and that high rates of foreign direct investment by companies from advanced industrial countries will exacerbate these tendencies. This paper considers the economic evidence that has given rise to these various concerns (Part I); explores the relationships suggested by economic analysis between changes in trade and foreign direct investment and changes in employment and wages (Part II); examines.
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Kunskapsskolan is a chain of independent secondary schools which functions as a comprehensive platform for personalised education, known as the Kunskapsskolan programme (KED). What is special about this programme is that students set their own objectives, work independently and are assessed against their personal academic goals. Kunskapsskolan is a unique programme in that every step and element of learning is defined--from teachers' roles to IT and architecture--in order to facilitate personalised learning. This programme is operated in Kunskapsskolan's 33 secondary and upper secondary schools in Sweden and in 2 secondary schools in United Kingdom. The first US school will open this year in New York. KED schools personalise students' education through a combination of goal setting, weekly coaching, personalised scheduling and timing and a unique curriculum maintained on the web-based Learning Portal. Students study according to different lesson formats, ranging from lectures and workshops to seminars and laboratories, depending on tasks and needs. Parents, students and teachers/coaches meet at the start of every term to decide on each student's individual educational plan and long-term goal. Students then have weekly meetings with their coach to discuss their goals, schedule, and whether they have met the goals set in previous meetings. Over time, students develop personal responsibility for, and ownership of, what they learn.
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Recent developments in the international economy have given rise to concern about the effects of international trade and foreign direct investment on domestic employment and wages. These concerns include fears that: jobs are being "siphoned out" of many highly industrialised countries by catching up economies; the high share of comparatively low skill-intensive products in the imports from catching up economies may be contributing to the decline of wages of workers in advanced industrialised countries with high school or lower levels of education relative to those who have attended college; and that high rates of foreign direct investment by companies from advanced industrial countries will exacerbate these tendencies. This paper considers the economic evidence that has given rise to these various concerns (Part I); explores the relationships suggested by economic analysis between changes in trade and foreign direct investment and changes in employment and wages (Part II); examines.
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In this paper, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have drawn together available research findings on the benefits of trade liberalization as well as on the obstacles to trade-oriented development.
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This study uses both a net factor content analysis and a small simulation model to explore the impact on the U.S. labor market of a fivefold increase in imports of manufactured goods from developing countries. The simulation, which is parameterized by the US economy in 1990, involves a balanced trade expansion which displaces almost half of US manufacturing workers who are reemployed in the remaining manufacturing and non-trade sectors. The results show that relative wages of workers with a high school education or less would be depressed, while those with some college education would rise. However, despite the magnitude of the shock, the effects are surprisingly small. Once account is taken of productivity increases, labor force growth and export sector wage premiums, given unitary elasticities of demand and of substitution between workers with different levels of education, relative wages of workers with some college education rise by 3.5 percent, while the real wages of workers with a high school education or less decline by 1.3 percent. The impact of a variety of parameter assumptions is also explored.
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In studying the impact of direct investment on the amount, direction, and composition of international trade we have found that the multinational firm fits uncomfortably into the usual theory of trade and capital movements. We attempt here to introduce the fact of the existence of multinational firms into the explanation of trade flows and particularly into the long-running debate over the relations among factor abundance, factor prices and trade.
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