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The QM/MM method, short for quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical, is a highly versatile approach for the study of chemical phenomena, combining the accuracy of quantum chemistry to describe the region of interest with the efficiency of molecular mechanical potentials to represent the remaining part of the system. Originally conceived in the 1970s by the influential work of the the Nobel laureates Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, QM/MM techniques have evolved into one of the most accurate and general approaches to investigate the properties of chemical systems via computational methods. Whereas the first applications have been focused on studies of organic and biomolecular systems, a large variety of QM/MM implementations have been developed over the last decades, extending the range of applicability to address research questions relevant for both solution and solid-state chemistry as well. Despite approaching their 50th anniversary in 2022, the formulation of improved QM/MM methods is still an active field of research, with the aim to (i) extend the applicability to address an even broader range of research questions in chemistry and related disciplines, and (ii) further push the accuracy achieved in the QM/MM description beyond that of established formulations. While being a highly successful approach on its own, the combination of the QM/MM strategy with other established theoretical techniques greatly extends the capabilities of the computational approaches. For instance the integration of a suitable QM/MM technique into the highly successful Monte-Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation protocols enables the description of the chemical systems on the basis of an ensemble that is in part constructed on a quantum-mechanical basis. This eBook presents the contributions of a recent Research Topic published in Frontiers in Chemistry, that highlight novel approaches as well as advanced applications of QM/MM method to a broad variety of targets. In total 2 review articles and 10 original research contributions from 48 authors are presented, covering 12 different countries on four continents. The range of research questions addressed by the individual contributions provide a lucid overview on the versatility of the QM/MM method, and demonstrate the general applicability and accuracy that can be achieved for different problems in chemical sciences. Together with the development of improved algorithms to enhance the capabilities of quantum chemical methods and the continuous advancement in the capacities of computational resources, it can be expected that the impact of QM/MM methods in chemical sciences will be further increased already in the near future.

Quantum Chemistry --- Hybrid Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical --- Density Functional Theory --- Ab initio/First Principles --- QM/MM --- Empirical Potentials --- Molecular Mechanics --- Force Field

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Anion excess phases. --- Atomic aggregate. --- Bond parameters. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Cohesive energy. --- Density matrix. --- Electronic transitions. --- Equilibrium. --- Far-infrared. --- Force constants. --- Force effects. --- Gas-phase. --- Ground state. --- High resolution. --- Hyperfine structure. --- Interferometry. --- Ionic crystals. --- Isotropic. --- Linear molecules. --- Magnetic interactions. --- Metal-metal vibration. --- Mixed crystals. --- Molecular crystals. --- Molecular spectroscopy. --- NMR. --- Oblate. --- Prolate. --- Raman spectroscopy. --- Reaction rates. --- Single crystal. --- Solution interactions. --- Solvent effect. --- Spherical. --- Thermodynamic aspects. --- Transport coefficient. --- Valence force field.

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue of Crystals entitled Pressure-Induced Phase Transformations. It includes selected articles on the behavior of matter under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, describing and discussing contemporary achievements, which were selected based on their relevance and scientific quality.

vanadate --- zircon --- high pressure --- band gap --- phase transition --- optical absorption --- benzene phase I --- homogeneous melting --- Ostwald’s step rule --- molecular dynamics simulation --- metastable phase --- melting transition --- Fe --- electrical resistivity --- thermal conductivity --- heat flow --- thermal and chemical convection --- sesquioxides --- phase transitions --- Laue diffraction --- mechanisms of phase transitions --- reactivity --- tungsten --- rhenium --- carbon dioxide --- carbonates --- high-pressure high-temperature experiments --- quantum spin liquids --- frustrated magnets --- quantum phase transitions --- high-pressure measurements --- phase diagram --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- Z methodology --- multi-phase materials --- epsomite --- dehydration reaction --- Raman spectra --- electrical conductivity --- high-pressure phase transitions --- molecular crystals --- computational methods --- DFT and Force Field methods --- energy calculations --- intermolecular interactions --- Landau theory --- nonlinear elasticity theory --- perovskites --- fullerenes --- polymerization --- pressure-induced --- Raman --- infrared laser --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- synchrotron radiation --- extreme conditions --- n/a

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Molecular simulations are commonly used in physics, chemistry, biology, material science, engineering, and even medicine. This book provides a wide range of molecular simulation methods and their applications in various fields. It reflects the power of molecular simulation as an effective research tool. We hope that the presented results can provide an impetus for further fruitful studies.

Technology: general issues --- molecular dynamics simulation --- osmosis --- water transport --- nanochannel --- carbon nanotube --- graphene --- osmolyte --- compartment --- rhodopsins --- spectral properties of rhodopsins --- spectral tuning in rhodopsins --- engineering of red-shifted rhodopsins --- photobiology --- biological photosensors --- molecular modeling --- multiscale --- coarse graining --- Monte Carlo simulation --- force fields --- neural network --- many body interactions --- sampling --- local sampling --- local free energy landscape --- generalized solvation free energy --- molecular solvation theory --- three-dimensional reference interaction site model --- Kovalenko-Hirata closure --- biomolecular simulation --- multiple time step MD --- protein-ligand binding --- biomolecular solvation --- antibody --- epitope --- molecular dynamics --- mutation --- toll-like receptor --- GPU programming --- DNA damage --- proton transport --- drag reduction --- surfactant molecules --- self-assembly --- coarse-grained molecular simulation --- numerical method --- laser-matter interaction --- time-dependent Schrödinger equation --- time-dependent unitary transformation method --- strong-field ionization --- Kramers-Henneberger frame --- hairy nanoparticles --- adsorption on nanoparticles --- nanocarriers --- computer simulations --- COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- PF-07321332 --- α-ketoamide --- 3CL protease --- main protease --- DFT --- CASTEP --- aiMD --- ab initio molecular dynamics --- phase transition --- polymorphism --- Janus particles --- phase transitions --- gemini --- force field --- parametrisation --- antimicrobial --- membranes --- colloids with competing interactions --- periodic microphases --- confinement --- Monte Carlo --- atomistic simulation --- molecular simulation --- hard sphere --- extreme conditions --- nanocomposites --- cluster --- crystallization --- atomic structure --- packing --- semi-flexible polymers --- order parameter --- n/a --- time-dependent Schrödinger equation --- Technology.

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Molecular simulations are commonly used in physics, chemistry, biology, material science, engineering, and even medicine. This book provides a wide range of molecular simulation methods and their applications in various fields. It reflects the power of molecular simulation as an effective research tool. We hope that the presented results can provide an impetus for further fruitful studies.

Technology. --- molecular dynamics simulation --- osmosis --- water transport --- nanochannel --- carbon nanotube --- graphene --- osmolyte --- compartment --- rhodopsins --- spectral properties of rhodopsins --- spectral tuning in rhodopsins --- engineering of red-shifted rhodopsins --- photobiology --- biological photosensors --- molecular modeling --- multiscale --- coarse graining --- Monte Carlo simulation --- force fields --- neural network --- many body interactions --- sampling --- local sampling --- local free energy landscape --- generalized solvation free energy --- molecular solvation theory --- three-dimensional reference interaction site model --- Kovalenko-Hirata closure --- biomolecular simulation --- multiple time step MD --- protein-ligand binding --- biomolecular solvation --- antibody --- epitope --- molecular dynamics --- mutation --- toll-like receptor --- GPU programming --- DNA damage --- proton transport --- drag reduction --- surfactant molecules --- self-assembly --- coarse-grained molecular simulation --- numerical method --- laser-matter interaction --- time-dependent Schrödinger equation --- time-dependent unitary transformation method --- strong-field ionization --- Kramers-Henneberger frame --- hairy nanoparticles --- adsorption on nanoparticles --- nanocarriers --- computer simulations --- COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- PF-07321332 --- α-ketoamide --- 3CL protease --- main protease --- DFT --- CASTEP --- aiMD --- ab initio molecular dynamics --- phase transition --- polymorphism --- Janus particles --- phase transitions --- gemini --- force field --- parametrisation --- antimicrobial --- membranes --- colloids with competing interactions --- periodic microphases --- confinement --- Monte Carlo --- atomistic simulation --- molecular simulation --- hard sphere --- extreme conditions --- nanocomposites --- cluster --- crystallization --- atomic structure --- packing --- semi-flexible polymers --- order parameter