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Major changes are occurring in the Indian economy that should inform public policy and investments in the food sector. The main drivers of changes occurring in the Indian economy include rising per capita incomes and urbanization. These patterns have led to increased demand for food and food services, including postharvest management activities, food retailing, and restaurants. Aggregate demand for food has increased, and consumption patterns are shifting toward fresh fruits and vegetables, processed foods, and ready-to-eat foods and meals. To meet the emerging demand, farmers need to respond by not only diversifying production toward foods with increasing demand but also with postharvest management. The objective of this report is to identify policy and investment priorities in agribusiness to stimulate inclusive growth and jobs. The study ultimately seeks to inform strategic dialogue between the government of India and the World Bank Group toward investments in postharvest management and other segments of agribusiness. The report provides building blocks to identify priorities for policy and investment. After a brief introduction (chapter 1), chapter 2 presents a framework to understand the role of agribusiness in development. Chapter 3 provides estimates of productivity and capital investment gaps in various subsectors of agribusiness and simulates the effects of bridging those gaps on macroeconomic indicators, sectoral growth, and jobs. Chapter 4 provides lessons on using agribusiness to improve nutrition. Chapter 5 provides lessons on promoting cold chain development. Chapter 6 provides lessons on promoting agroprocessing. Chapter 7 provides lessons on promoting inclusive value chains for modern food retailing. Finally, chapter 8 provides policy and investment priorities in agribusiness based on the main findings of the report.

Agribusiness --- Agriculture --- Food and beverage industry --- Food security --- Industry --- Nutrition --- Poverty reduction --- Rural development --- Rural labor markets

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The prevalence of small farmers and small-scale agri-food processors creates unique challenges for agri-food value-chain development in Kyrgyzstan. That is, the Kyrgyz farm structure itself, with its dominance of small farmers, is one of the main constraints for the effective functioning of modern value chains, preventing them from delivering high incomes and improved livelihoods for smallholders. But this structure also provides one of the main opportunities for developing the value chain. Small-scale agri-food processors are rarely successful in establishing sustainable partnerships with small farmers unless there are strong market signals that facilitate these partnerships. Such strong market signals for Kyrgyz agri-food producers/processors are found in niche and premium markets of products that require specialized and labor-intensive agricultural production. Therefore, when market failures are addressed by public policy interventions, small farmers and small-scale agri-food processors have improved access to markets, more opportunities to capture value, and more opportunities to improve their livelihoods.

Agribusiness --- Agricultural extension --- Agricultural productivity --- Agriculture --- Food and beverage industry --- Food processing --- Industry --- Rural development --- Rural labor markets

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The purpose of this paper is to update the information on net food importing countries, using different definitions of food, separating countries by their level of income, whether they are in conflict and whether they are significant oil exporters. The study also estimates the changes in net food importing status of these countries over the last two and a half decades, and, most important, the study measures the relative importance of these net food imports in the import basket of the countries. Our results show that while many low-income countries are net food importers, the importance and potential impact of the net food importing status has been highly exaggerated. Many low-income countries that have larger food deficits are either oil exporters or countries in conflict. Food deficits of most low-income countries are not that significant as a percentage of their imports. Our results also show that only 6 low-income countries have food deficits that are more than 10 percent of their imports. Last two decades have seen a significant improvement in the food trade balances of low-income developing countries. SSA low-income countries are an exception to this trend. On the other hand, there are a group of countries which are experiencing civil conflicts which are large importers of food, and these countries can not meet their basic needs. They also need special assistance in the distribution of food within their boundaries. Therefore, one should modify the WTO Ministerial Declaration, and focus on these conflict countries rather than the broad net food importers.

Agricultural Policies --- Agriculture --- Basic Needs --- Food and Beverage Industry --- Food for all --- Food Imports --- Food Policy --- Food Prices --- Food Products --- Food Security --- Food Supply --- Industry

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Implementing governments need to be prepared to face considerable opposition in introducing and defending a new sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax. Arguments against SSB taxes tend to closely mirror those used against tobacco taxes, including that these taxes are not effective, are regressive (place a disproportionate burden on lower income groups), negatively affect employment and economic growth, and violate international, regional, or national law. Around the world, these arguments have been used very effectively by opponents to impede and undermine public and political support for SSB taxes, both proposed and existing. Yet, as this evidence brief shows, these arguments are not supported by sound evidence. Common arguments against SSB taxes are outlined below, along with the evidence that can be used to counter each proposition.

Disease Control and Prevention --- Food and Beverage Industry --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Industry --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Nutrition --- Obesity --- Taxation and Subsidies

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The objective of this research report is to assess the market potential for local sourcing in the Cabo Verde tourism food supply chain, with a particular emphasis on traditional sectors such as agriculture and fisheries. As tourism continues to expand rapidly in Cabo Verde, the sector creates a growing market potential for locally sourced produce. The number of inbound tourists in the country has steadily increased from 428,000 in 2011 to 710,000 in 2018 - a 7,5 percent CAGR in the period - causing with it a rise in the direct economic contribution of travel and tourism activities to GDP, now estimated at near 20 percent. The islands of Sal and Boa Vista dominate the market, attracting together 76,4 percent of all arrivals, who visit overwhelmingly under the all-inclusive resort segment. In addition, higher average lengths of stay in these two islands imply that they account for proportionally more room nights (89,9 percent of the total bed nights) than the rest of the country. The level of linkages between the primary sector and tourism has long been a debated topic, particularly the untapped potential of additional positive spillovers and impact on poverty reduction. A World Bank study commissioned in 2013 estimated that more than 80 percent of food and beverage products consumed by all-inclusive resorts were imported. While these resorts have been decisive in pushing infrastructure development and promoting job creation, the level of linkages with local businesses is seen as being below potential. The study found that the low level of local food sourcing stemmed from a range of challenges related to sanitary and quantity standards, volumes, reliability of supply, and connectivity. Since then, very little research has sought to quantify the market potential in supplying tourism or assessing which products could be prioritized at local production level, on comparative and competitive advantages vis-a-vis imports. The methodology for this research comprised a quantitative and qualitative survey with a representative sample of large hotels in Sal and Boa Vista, in addition to in-depth follow-up interviews and desk review of pertinent data. The type of commercially sensitive information required from the surveyed participants severely undermined participation, despite guarantees of confidentiality. A substantial effort was invested in following-up, and the team was able to gather consumption data covering a small representative sample of large hotels, as well as relevant information on market characteristics and trends from the leading hotel supplier wholesalers.

Accommodation and Tourism Industry --- Agricultural Industry --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Environment --- Fishing Industry --- Food and Beverage Industry --- Industry --- Tourism and Ecotourism