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The authors use regression analysis to assess the potential welfare impact of rainfall shocks in rural Indonesia. In particular, they consider two shocks: (i) a delay in the onset of monsoon and (ii) a significant shortfall in the amount of rain in the 90 day post-onset period. Focusing on households with family farm businesses, the analysis finds that a delay in the monsoon onset does not have a significant impact on the welfare of rice farmers. However, rice farm households located in areas exposed to low rainfall following the monsoon are negatively affected. Rice farm households appear to be able to protect their food expenditure in the face of weather shocks at the expense of lower nonfood expenditures per capita. The authors use propensity score matching to identify community programs that might moderate the welfare impact of this type of shock. Access to credit and public works projects in communities were among the programs with the strongest moderating effects. This is an important consideration for the design and implementation of adaptation strategies.

Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Food Expenditure --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Monsoon --- Poverty reduction --- Rainfall Shocks --- Regional Economic Development --- Rice Farmers --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Science of Climate Change --- Welfare Impact

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The difficulties faced by many developing countries in raising revenue from direct taxes have forced them to rely heavily on indirect taxes to finance development interventions. The purpose of this paper is to show how to identify socially desirable options for commodity taxation in the context of a poverty reduction strategy. Within the logic of social evaluation the author assesses tax options on the basis of value judgments underlying members of the additively separable class of poverty measures. The criterion hinges on both the pattern of consumption of each commodity and the price elasticity of the poverty measure used. An application of this methodology to data for Guinea shows that many components of food expenditure (particularly cereals, grains, and roots) would be good candidates for exemption from value-added tax. Even though expenditure on health and education is distributed in favor of the non-poor, their importance for human capital development argues for a program of targeted subsidies in a broader context of cost recovery.

Debt Markets --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Food expenditure --- Human capital --- Income --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poor --- Poor policy --- Poverty eradication --- Poverty measures --- Poverty Reduction --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Private Sector Development --- Public spending --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction

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De toutes les conduites psychopathologiques, l'addiction est peut-être celle qui interroge le plus les limites entre le normal et le pathologique. La frontière entre ce qui relève des "mauvaises habitudes" et des vraies dépendances est difficile à tracer. Les addictions sont presque toujours des conduites relevant au départ de l'ordinaire, simplement déviées de leurs finalités initiales : boire, manger, jouer, acheter, travailler, se soigner, etc. Alors, tous dépendants ? Ce qui caractériserait le vrai dépendant pourrait être une forme de polarisation, quand l'objet ou l'activité devient le but d'une vie, quand la "mauvaise habitude" se fait identité : "je bois trop" devenu "je suis alcoolique". Cet ouvrage interroge le sens des addictions, analyse le mécanisme et les symptômes des plus courantes d'entre elles et propose une synthèse des différentes approches thérapeutiques possibles.

Compulsive behavior --- Comportement compulsif --- Behavior, Addictive --- psychology --- BPB1210 --- Toxicomanie --- Alcoolisme --- Médicament --- Jeux --- Dépense alimentaire --- Tabagisme --- Drugverslaving --- Alcoholisme --- Geneesmiddel --- Spel --- Bestedingen aan voeding --- Nicotineverslaving --- tipjip --- tupakointi --- nicotineverslaving --- tobaksmisbrug --- rökning --- Nikotinsucht --- tabaquismo --- nikotynizm --- dohányzás --- fajčenie --- duhanpirje --- νικοτινίαση --- пушење --- pušenje --- rūkymas --- tabagismo --- kouření --- никотиново пристрастяване --- smēķēšana --- suitsetamine --- fumat --- kajenje --- smoking --- bekæmpelse af tobaksmisbrug --- dohányzásellenes kampány --- lutte contre le tabac --- zákaz kouření --- lucha contra el tabaco --- lutte contre le tabagisme --- antipušačka kampanja --- nikotinism --- tabagism --- dohányfüggőség --- kamp mot tobak --- никотинска зависност --- ovisnost o nikotinu --- καταπολέμηση του καπνίσματος --- зависност од тутун --- lotta contro il tabagismo --- nikotizëm --- борба против никотинизам --- Kampf gegen den Nikotinmissbrauch --- Kampf gegen das Rauchen --- nikotinismi --- αντικαπνιστικός αγώνας --- žalingas pripratimas prie tabako --- boj proti kouření --- legislazione sul tabagismo --- tupakkariippuvuus --- lucha contra el tabaquismo --- lotta antifumo --- tupakoinnin vastainen kampanja --- lotta contro il tabacco --- riippuvuus tupakasta --- никотинизам --- antirygekampagne --- kampanija prieš rūkymą --- rookverbod --- kampaň proti fajčeniu --- závislosť od tabaku --- luta contra o tabaco --- åtgärder mot tobaksbruk --- otrava nikotinem --- tobacco addiction --- nikotinizmas --- antitobakskamp --- strijd tegen tabak --- tabaková závislosť --- interzicerea fumatului --- rökfri miljö --- suitsetamisvastane kampaania --- anti-smoking campaign --- bestrijding van tabakmisbruik --- pasivní kouření --- luta antitabaco --- lucha antitabaco --- nikotinfüggőség --- tubakasõltuvus --- nikotinizmus --- nikotinismus --- nicotinism --- norme antifumo --- protikuřácká kampaň --- nedobrovolné kuřáctví --- luta contra o tabagismo --- campagna contro il fumo --- fushatë kundër duhanit --- varësi ndaj duhanit --- campanie anti-fumat --- atkarība no tabakas --- lutte antitabac --- nikotinizam --- addiction to tobacco --- cīņa pret smēķēšanu --- издаци за храну --- ruokamenot --- pārtikas izdevumi --- wydatki na żywność --- élelmiszerköltség --- разходи за изхранване --- Ausgabe für Ernährung --- δαπάνη διατροφής --- cheltuieli pentru hrană --- izdatak za prehranu --- расходи за храна --- nefqa fuq l-ikel --- maisto išlaidos --- výdaje na potraviny --- izdatki za hrano --- shpenzime për ushqime --- food expenditure --- výdavky na potraviny --- despesas alimentares --- gasto alimentario --- fødevareudgift --- livsmedelsutgift --- spesa alimentare --- bestedingen aan voeding --- kulutused toidule --- издатоци за храна --- élelmezési kiadások --- madudgifter --- élelmezési költségek --- Spiel --- игре --- játék --- jocuri --- logħob --- juego --- gry --- igre --- totalizators --- vënie basti --- jogos --- mängimine --- hra --- spel --- lošimai --- spil --- pelaaminen --- gaming --- gioco --- παίγνια --- игра --- игри --- kihlvedu --- παιχνίδια --- futbolo totalizatorius --- uhkapeli --- fogadás --- practicarea jocurilor de noroc --- pariuri și pronosticuri sportive --- spoločné stávky na futbal --- sumos statymas --- veikkaus --- zábava --- baste për futbollin --- futbola totalizators --- vedonlyönti --- klađenje --- lažinimasis --- stávky --- sportfogadás --- обложување --- hasartmäng --- kockanje --- derības --- gioco di società --- betting --- gambling --- коцкање --- football pools --- azartspēles --- ravim --- lék --- lääke --- lijek --- mediċinament --- φάρμακα --- medicamento --- läkemedel --- лек --- medicament --- лекарство --- lek --- liek --- medicinale --- geneesmiddel --- medicamente --- Medikament --- gyógyszer --- medikament --- zdravilo --- vaistinis preparatas --- medikaments --- kapky --- orvosság --- medicamento per la medicina animale --- medicamento per la medicina umana --- zásyp --- лекарствен продукт --- medication --- mast --- tabletka --- medicin --- vaistas --- medikamentas --- Arznei --- tinktura --- zāles --- prodotti mediċinali --- mjekim --- produkt leczniczy --- lääkintä --- lægemiddel --- léčivý přípravek --- медикамент --- prášky --- prášek --- remédio --- liečivý prípravok --- médicament --- lääkitys --- îngrijire medicală --- lääkevalmiste --- prodotto medicinale --- dražé --- medicijn --- Arzneispezialität --- tableta --- čípek --- Arzneimittel --- alcolismo --- alkoholisms --- alkoholizmas --- alkoholizem --- alkoholism --- alkoolizëm --- Alkoholismus --- alkoholisme --- алкохолизъм --- alcoolism --- alkoholizmus --- alkoholismus --- alkoħoliżmu --- alcoholisme --- alkoholizm --- alcoolismo --- алкохолизам --- αλκοολισμός --- alkoholizam --- alcoholismo --- alcoholism --- alkoholismi --- alkoholberoende --- lucha contra el alcoholismo --- abuz de alcool --- alkoholik --- combate ao alcoolismo --- girtuokliavimo problema --- alkoholin väärinkäyttö --- alkohola pārmērīga lietošana --- problém s pitím --- kamp mot alkoholism --- alkohollal történő visszaélés --- zneužitie alkoholu --- association antialcoolique --- lotta all'alcolismo --- probleme me pijen --- campagna contro l'alcolismo --- καταπολέμηση του αλκοολισμού --- joomarlus --- žūpība --- drink problem --- зависност од алкохол --- alkoholiprobleem --- piktnaudžiavimas alkoholiu --- lutte contre l'alcoolisme --- alkoholiongelma --- nadměrné požívání alkoholu --- ovisnost o alkoholu --- liga proti alkoholu --- борба против болестите на зависност --- association anti-alcoolique --- nykterhetssällskap --- Bekämpfung des Alkoholismus --- alkoholismivastane võitlus --- bestrijding van het alcoholisme --- sprečavanje zloupotrebe alkohola --- vereniging tegen alcoholmisbruik --- alkoholi kuritarvitamine --- abuzim me alkoolin --- protialkoholická poradna --- alcohol abuse --- alkoholizmus elleni küzdelem --- bekæmpelse af alkoholisme --- alkoholfüggőség --- boj proti alkoholismu --- alkoholmissbruk --- borba protiv alkoholizma --- Rauschgiftsucht --- toxicomania --- narkomaania --- зависност од дроги --- dependență de droguri --- atkarība no narkotiskām vielām --- наркоманија --- závislosť od drog --- narkotikamissbruk --- stofmisbrug --- narkomania --- dipendenza fuq id-droga --- drug addiction --- toxicomanía --- zasvojenost z mamili --- drogfüggőség --- τοξικομανία --- drogová závislost --- huumausaineriippuvuus --- tossicomania --- varësia nga droga --- narkomanija --- наркомания --- ovisnost o drogama --- drugverslaving --- fight against drugs --- drogodependencia --- borba protiv droge --- χρήση ναρκωτικών --- narkotisko vielu lietošana --- drug-taking --- zneužívanie drog --- tossicodipendenza --- uso di droga --- zloupotreba droga --- lucha contra la droga --- αγώνας κατά των ναρκωτικών --- kábítószerrel való visszaélés --- lotta antidroga --- Rauschgiftbekämpfung --- marrje e drogave --- användande av droger --- drug abuse --- piktnaudžiavimas narkotikais --- drogmissbruk --- huumausaineiden torjuminen --- lufta kundër drogave --- drugbestrijding --- huumausaineiden käyttäminen --- Drogenmissbrauch --- consumo de drogas --- bekæmpelse af stofmisbrug --- drogové centrum --- Drogenabhängigkeit --- consumo de estupefacientes --- polytoxikomanie --- huumausaineiden väärinkäyttö --- narkootikumide kuritarvitamine --- gebruik van verdovende middelen --- narkootikumidevastane võitlus --- narkotikų vartojimas --- drogadicción --- užívání omamných látek --- Drogenbekämpfung --- narkootikumide tarvitamine --- usage de stupéfiants --- lotta contro gli stupefacenti --- kova su narkotikais --- kábítószer elleni küzdelem --- kábítószer-függőség --- lutte contre la toxicomanie --- užívání drog --- fetování --- lupta împotriva drogurilor --- požívanie drog --- abuz de droguri --- usage de drogue --- narkomanie --- toxikomanie --- monotoxikomanie --- druggebruik --- indtagelse af stoffer --- drogellenes kampány --- drog elleni küzdelem --- narkomānija --- uso di stupefacenti --- luta contra a droga --- abuzim me drogat --- protidrogová politika --- metadonový program --- misure antidroga --- narkotikabruk --- užívání narkotik --- konzumiranje droge --- cīņa pret narkotiskām vielām --- boj proti drogám --- indtagelse af narkotika --- kamp mot narkotikamissbruk --- prodott mediċinali --- φάρμακο --- medicinski proizvod --- medicinal product --- gyógyászati készítmény --- alcólachas --- caitheamh tobac --- caiteachas bia --- cearrbhachas --- íoc leighis --- andúil i ndrugaí --- Behavior, Addictive - psychology --- Médicament --- Dépense alimentaire --- toxicomanie --- tabagisme --- jeux --- alcoolisme --- Läkemedelsprodukter