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The Turkic language family features a wealth of expressions of modality, with large inventories of items within individual languages and considerable cross-linguistic variation. Taking the hierarchy of scope between different modal classes and their link to neighboring categories as a starting point for a basic classification, the study focuses on the internal semantic subdivision of three major classes of modality together with representative formal expressions of the semantic classes from numerous modern and pre-modern Turkic languages. The evolution of particular forms and underlying abstract structure types and their dissemination throughout the Turkic languages are investigated as well as the major semantic changes that can be observed in diachrony. The paths of conventionalization identified within Turkic are compared against universal paths of grammaticalization documented in the linguistics literature. This comprehensive synchronic and diachronic survey identifies the combasic parameters of Turkic modality systems, provides an insight into the intra- and cross-linguistic diversity, and offers new perspectives for further research into this hitherto little-studied domain.

Focus (Linguistics)

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Focus (Linguistics) --- Computational linguistics

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Computational linguistics --- Discourse analysis --- Focus (Linguistics)

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Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Focus (Linguistics) --- Phonology

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"This volume offers a critical appraisal of the tension between theory and empirical evidence in research on information structure. The main aim of the book is to assess the impact of data that seem to run against commonly accepted tenets in this field. Such 'unexpected' or even 'paradoxical' evidence can indeed be precious for testing the validity of current pragmatic and discourse analyses. The contributions to this book, relying on different theoretical frameworks and delving into cross-linguistic and language-internal variation as well as language contact, tackle a wide range of phenomena that go to the core of the discipline and, in some cases, challenge its foundations. Ultimately, this volume shows that in order to appreciate the relation between linguistic structures and the context, it is of uttermost importance to rely on complex discourse models, which are able to account for the fundamental role of inferential mechanisms and rhetorical strategies exploited by speakers"--

Focus (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Topic and comment.