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Der Kooperative Föderalismus in Deutschland führt zu einer vielfältigen Determination kommunaler Aufgaben durch Bundes- und Landesgesetze. Die Ausführung gesetzlich bestimmter Aufgaben belastet die gemeindlichen Haushalte, da die in Deutschland vorherrschende Verknüpfung von Verwaltungs- und Finanzierungskompetenz zur finanziellen Heranziehung der ausführenden und zur Verschonung der anordnenden Ebene tendiert. In der Untersuchung werden die vielfältigen Einflußnahmen der Bundes- und Landesgesetzgebung auf kommunale Finanzen deutlich gemacht und näherungsweise quantifiziert. Anhand der Entwicklung der Gemeindefinanzen in Nordrhein-Westfalen von 1975 bis 1996 (im interregionalen Vergleich) wird eine Verringerung der lokalen Autonomie konstatiert. Gleichzeitig werden Verbesserungsvorschläge für die Gestaltung der vertikalen Finanzierungsverflechtungen zwischen Bund, Ländern und Gemeinden unterbreitet. Die Herstellung des Konnexitätsprinzips bzw. der fiskalischen Äquivalenz soll das Verursacherprinzip in der staatlichen Aufgabenerfüllung einführen.

Alois --- Analyse --- Beispiel --- Bundeslandes --- Eichler --- Föderalismus --- Gemeindefinanzausgleichs --- Kooperativen --- Norbert --- Nordrhein --- Oberhauser --- ökonomische --- Probleme --- Westfalen

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(Produktform)Paperback / softback --- Bildungspolitik --- EZFF --- European Centre for Research on Federalism --- Europäisches Zentrum für Föderalismus-Forschung --- Föderalismus --- (Produktrabattgruppe)NG: NG-Rabatt --- (VLB-WN)1778: Hardcover, Softcover / Recht/Internationales Recht, Ausländisches Recht

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"Courts are key players in the dynamics of federal countries since their rulings have a direct impact on the ability of governments to centralize and decentralize power. Courts in Federal Countries examines the role high courts play in thirteen countries, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Nigeria, Spain, and the United States. The volume's contributors analyse the centralizing or decentralizing forces at play following a court's ruling on issues such as individual rights, economic affairs, social issues, and other matters. The thirteen substantive chapters have been written to facilitate comparability between the countries. Each chapter outlines a country's federal system, explains the constitutional and institutional status of the court system, and discusses the high court's jurisprudence in light of these features. Courts in Federal Countries offers insightful explanations of judicial behaviour in the world's leading federations."--

Constitutional courts. --- Federal government --- Courts, Constitutional --- Courts, Supreme --- Supreme courts --- Courts of special jurisdiction --- Courts of last resort --- Constitutional courts --- Cours constitutionnelles --- Gouvernement fédéral --- Federal government. --- Verfassungsgericht --- Föderalismus --- Einheitsstaat --- Rechtsvergleich --- Federal courts

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With the increased mobility and interdependence brought on by globalisation, governments can no longer deal effectively with what were traditionally regarded as «domestic issues» unless they cooperate among themselves. International law may once have been a sort of inter-state law concerned mostly with relations between states, but it now looks increasingly inside state borders and has become, to a large degree, a trans-governmental law. While this creates significant challenges even for highly-unified «nation-states», the challenges are even greater for federations in which powers have been divided up between the central government and federated states. What roles should central governments and federated states play in creating and implementing this new form of governance? Using the Canadian federation as its starting point, this case study illustrates a range of factors to be considered in the appropriate distribution of treaty powers within a federation. Professor Cyr also shows how - because it has no specific provisions dealing with the distribution of treaty powers - the Canadian constitution has «organically» developed a tight-knit set of rules and principles responding to these distributional factors. This book is therefore both about the role of federated states in the current world order and an illustration of how organic constitutionalism works.

Alain --- Canadian --- Communautés existentielles et régimes fonctionnel --- Constitutionalism --- États multinationaux et relations internationales --- Federalism --- Fédéralisme --- Föderalismus --- Gagnon --- Hugo --- Kanada --- Organic --- Powers --- Rechtssystem --- Rédaction de traités internationaux et exécution --- Treaty --- Work

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With the increased mobility and interdependence brought on by globalisation, governments can no longer deal effectively with what were traditionally regarded as «domestic issues» unless they cooperate among themselves. International law may once have been a sort of inter-state law concerned mostly with relations between states, but it now looks increasingly inside state borders and has become, to a large degree, a trans-governmental law. While this creates significant challenges even for highly-unified «nation-states», the challenges are even greater for federations in which powers have been divided up between the central government and federated states. What roles should central governments and federated states play in creating and implementing this new form of governance? Using the Canadian federation as its starting point, this case study illustrates a range of factors to be considered in the appropriate distribution of treaty powers within a federation. Professor Cyr also shows how - because it has no specific provisions dealing with the distribution of treaty powers - the Canadian constitution has «organically» developed a tight-knit set of rules and principles responding to these distributional factors. This book is therefore both about the role of federated states in the current world order and an illustration of how organic constitutionalism works.

Alain --- Canadian --- Communautés existentielles et régimes fonctionnel --- Constitutionalism --- États multinationaux et relations internationales --- Federalism --- Fédéralisme --- Föderalismus --- Gagnon --- Hugo --- Kanada --- Organic --- Powers --- Rechtssystem --- Rédaction de traités internationaux et exécution --- Treaty --- Work