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Astrodynamics. --- Fluid dynamics (Space environment).

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Fluid dynamics (Space environment) --- Space vehicles

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Space flight --- Space vehicles --- Fluid dynamics (Space environment) --- Rarefied gas dynamics --- Thermodynamics

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Space exploration and advanced astronomy have dramatically expanded our knowledge of outer space and made it possible to study the indepth mechanisms underlying various natural phenomena caused by complex interaction of physical-chemical and dynamical processes in the universe. Huge breakthroughs in astrophysics and the planetary s- ences have led to increasingly complicated models of such media as giant molecular clouds giving birth to stars, protoplanetary accretion disks associated with the solar system’s formation, planetary atmospheres and circumplanetary space. The creation of these models was promoted by the development of basic approaches in modern - chanics and physics paralleled by the great advancement in the computer sciences. As a result, numerous multidimensional non-stationary problems involving the analysis of evolutionary processes can be investigated using wide-range numerical experiments. Turbulence belongs to the most widespread and, at the same time, the most complicated natural phenomena, related to the origin and development of organized structures (- dies of different scale) at a definite flow regime of fluids in essentially non-linear - drodynamic systems. This is also one of the most complex and intriguing sections of the mechanics of fluids. The direct numerical modeling of turbulent flows encounters large mathematical difficulties, while the development of a general turbulence theory is hardly possible because of the complexity of interacting coherent structures. Three-dimensional non-steady motions arise in such a system under loss of la- nar flow stability defined by the critical value of the Reynolds number.

Planets --- Rarefied gas dynamics. --- Turbulence. --- Atmospheres. --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Fluid dynamics --- Superaerodynamics --- Fluid dynamics (Space environment) --- Gas dynamics --- Atmospheres of planets --- Planetary atmospheres

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This book elucidates the methods of molecular gas dynamics or rarefied gas dynamics which treat the problems of gas flows when the discrete molecular effects of the gas prevail under the circumstances of low density, the emphases being stressed on the basis of the methods, the direct simulation Monte Carlo method applied to the simulation of non-equilibrium effects and the frontier subjects related to low speed microscale rarefied gas flows. It provides a solid basis for the study of molecular gas dynamics for senior students and graduates in the aerospace and mechanical engineering departments of universities and colleges. It gives a general acquaintance of modern developments of rarefied gas dynamics in various regimes and leads to the frontier topics of non-equilibrium rarefied gas dynamics and low speed microscale gas dynamics. It will be also of benefit to the scientific and technical researchers engaged in aerospace high altitude aerodynamic force and heating design and in the research on gas flow in MEMS.

Applied physical engineering --- Thermodynamics --- nanotechniek --- Fluid mechanics --- mechanica --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- Electrical engineering --- BIT (biochemische ingenieurstechnieken) --- vloeistoffen --- thermodynamica --- Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Engineering. --- Chemical engineering. --- Nanotechnology. --- Rarefied gas dynamics. --- Gas dynamics. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Gasdynamics --- Fluid dynamics --- Superaerodynamics --- Fluid dynamics (Space environment) --- Gas dynamics