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Based on analysis of hundreds of fatwas and juristic treatises, this book uncovers the internal debates within minority communities on issues including integration, political participation, leisure, finances, and attitudes toward non-Muslims.

Islamic law --- Muslims --- Canon Law --- Law, Politics & Government --- Muslims in non-Muslim countries --- Religious minorities --- Fiqh al-aqallīyāt (Islamic law) --- Non-Islamic countries.

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Proponents of multiculturalism do not usually subscribe to Islamist goals. Yet, across Europe, these are being furthered. Sharia councils are deeply at odds with Western moral and legal principles of equality, freedom, and justice. However, high-profile multiculturalists tend to present a romanticized view of these councils, which obscures both the ideology that motivates them and their practical consequences. Are Sharia councils a legitimate expression of the longing for identity, as multiculturalists claim? What do Islamists really want? And why do multiculturalists find it so difficult to counter their claims? This book explores the implications of multiculturalism and Islamic fundamentalism. It provides a vivid account of what really goes on inside Sharia councils, and it discusses the challenges they pose to liberal democracy. With impressive clarity and vital importance, the book offers insight into two ideologies crucial to Europe's future.

Muslims --- Islamic courts --- Islamic law --- Islamic fundamentalism. --- Legal polycentricity. --- Bijuralism --- Legal pluralism --- Pluralism, Legal --- Polycentric law --- Polycentricity, Legal --- Law --- Conflict of laws --- Fundamentalism, Islamic --- Islamism --- Islam --- Religious fundamentalism --- Fiqh al-aqallīyāt (Islamic law) --- Courts, Islamic --- Courts (Islamic law) --- Muslim courts --- Sharia courts --- Courts --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Cultural diversity --- Diversity, Cultural --- Diversity, Religious --- Ethnic diversity --- Pluralism (Social sciences) --- Pluralism, Cultural --- Religious diversity --- Culture --- Cultural fusion --- Ethnicity --- Cultural diversity policy --- Cultural pluralism policy --- Ethnic diversity policy --- Social policy --- Anti-racism --- Civil law (Islamic law) --- Law, Arab --- Law, Islamic --- Law in the Qurʼan --- Sharia (Islamic law) --- Shariʻah (Islamic law) --- Law, Oriental --- Law, Semitic --- Government policy