Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper proposes a price-based measure to mitigate the destabilizing impact of the volatility of global capital movements on the domestic economy of a country pursuing sound economic policies. The measure is a withholding tax on all private capital inflows, with a credit and refund provision that operates within the administrative framework of the existing domestic tax system to relieve noncapital inflows from the tax. This withholding tax, which is substantially more difficult to evade than the much-discussed alternative of imposing non-remunerated reserve requirements, can be implemented with little additional costs to the taxpayers and the tax authorities.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Capital inflows --- Capital flows --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Financial transaction tax --- Personal income --- Balance of payments --- Taxes --- National accounts --- Capital movements --- Income tax --- Income --- Chile

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Using information from 193 banks in 58 countries, the authors develop and analyze indicators of physical access, affordability, and eligibility barriers to deposit, loan, and payment services. They find substantial cross-country variation in barriers to banking and show that in many countries these barriers can potentially exclude a significant share of the population from using banking services. Correlations with bank- and country-level variables show that bank size and the availability of physical infrastructure are the most robust predictors of barriers. Further, the authors find evidence that in more competitive, open, and transparent economies, and in countries with better contractual and informational frameworks, banks impose lower barriers. Finally, though foreign banks seem to charge higher fees than other banks, in foreign dominated banking systems fees are lower and it is easier to open bank accounts and to apply for loans. On the other hand, in systems that are predominantly government-owned, customers pay lower fees but also face greater restrictions in terms of where to apply for loans and how long it takes to have applications processed. These findings have important implications for policy reforms to broaden access.

Bank --- Bank Accounts --- Banking Services --- Banks --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Checking Account --- Customers --- Debt Markets --- Demand --- Depos Deposits --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Institutions --- Financial Literacy --- Financial Services --- Financial Transaction --- Household Income --- Information --- Loan --- Loans --- Population --- Private Sector Development --- Research Assistance --- Transaction --- Transactions

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Financial transactions taxes have recently gained attention as a possible means to influence the behavior of financial markets and to reduce destabilizing capital flows. One variation is a tax on all foreign currency conversions, often termed a “Tobin tax.” This paper suggests that these taxes would probably not produce the desired effects and would be difficult to design and implement. It is unclear that the possible advantages in reducing some short-term speculative trading would outweigh the possible disadvantages in impairing the efficiency of financial markets. From an administrative perspective, without a broad international consensus and application, these taxes are likely to be easily avoided.

Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Taxation --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Public finance & taxation --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Finance --- Financial transaction tax --- Transaction tax --- Currencies --- Capital flows --- Stock markets --- Taxes --- Money --- Balance of payments --- Financial markets --- Capital movements --- Stock exchanges --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A practical guide to making good decisions in a world of missing dataIn the era of big data, it is easy to imagine that we have all the information we need to make good decisions. But in fact the data we have are never complete, and may be only the tip of the iceberg. Just as much of the universe is composed of dark matter, invisible to us but nonetheless present, the universe of information is full of dark data that we overlook at our peril. In Dark Data, data expert David Hand takes us on a fascinating and enlightening journey into the world of the data we don't see.Dark Data explores the many ways in which we can be blind to missing data and how that can lead us to conclusions and actions that are mistaken, dangerous, or even disastrous. Examining a wealth of real-life examples, from the Challenger shuttle explosion to complex financial frauds, Hand gives us a practical taxonomy of the types of dark data that exist and the situations in which they can arise, so that we can learn to recognize and control for them. In doing so, he teaches us not only to be alert to the problems presented by the things we don’t know, but also shows how dark data can be used to our advantage, leading to greater understanding and better decisions.Today, we all make decisions using data. Dark Data shows us all how to reduce the risk of making bad ones.

Big data. --- Data sets, Large --- Large data sets --- Data sets --- Missing observations (Statistics). --- Data, Missing (Statistics) --- Missing data (Statistics) --- Missing values (Statistics) --- Observations, Missing (Statistics) --- Values, Missing (Statistics) --- Estimation theory --- Multivariate analysis --- Multiple imputation (Statistics) --- Accuracy and precision. --- Adverse selection. --- Ambiguity. --- Analogy. --- Anonymity. --- Approximation. --- Arithmetic mean. --- Astronomer. --- Autism. --- Average. --- Awareness. --- Bankruptcy. --- Benford's law. --- Blood pressure. --- Calculation. --- Clinical trial. --- Confidentiality. --- Confirmation bias. --- Credit card. --- Credit score. --- Crime statistics. --- Customer. --- Dark data. --- Data science. --- Data set. --- Database. --- Decision-making. --- Detection. --- Disease. --- Economics. --- Effectiveness. --- Estimation. --- Experimental psychology. --- Explanation. --- Extrapolation. --- Financial transaction. --- Floor effect. --- Fraud. --- General Data Protection Regulation. --- Hypothesis. --- Identifier. --- Identity theft. --- Illustration. --- Imputation (statistics). --- Income. --- Indication (medicine). --- Inference. --- Information asymmetry. --- Insider trading. --- Insurance fraud. --- Insurance. --- Investor. --- Lawsuit. --- Measurement. --- Meta-analysis. --- Misinformation. --- Mismatch. --- Missing data. --- Observational error. --- Obstacle. --- Percentage. --- Plagiarism. --- Prediction. --- Probability. --- Proportionality (mathematics). --- Pseudonymization. --- Quantity. --- Randomized controlled trial. --- Randomness. --- Respondent. --- Result. --- Rounding. --- Salary. --- Sample Size. --- Sampling (statistics). --- Science. --- Scientist. --- Significant figures. --- Simulation. --- Skewness. --- Social science. --- Statistic. --- Statistical hypothesis testing. --- Statistician. --- Statistics. --- Suggestion. --- Symptom. --- Synthetic data. --- Tax avoidance. --- Tax. --- Technology. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Uncertainty. --- Unemployment. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Wealth. --- Website. --- Writing. --- Year.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Institutions matter for economic development. Yet despite this accepted wisdom, new institutional economics (NIE) has yet to provide a comprehensive look at what constitutes the institutional foundation of economic development (IFED). Bringing together findings from a range a fields, from development economics and development studies to political science and sociology, this title explores the precise mechanisms through which institutions affect growth. Shiping Tang contends that institutions shape economic development through four 'Big Things': possibility, incentive, capability, and opportunity. From this perspective, IFED has six major dimensions: political hierarchy, property rights, social mobility, redistribution, innovation protection, and equal opportunity. Tang further argues that IFED is only one pillar within the New Development Triangle (NDT).

Economic development. --- Institutional economics. --- Political stability --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Economic Development. --- Economic aspects. --- Aggregate demand. --- Autocracy. --- Basic education. --- Bond Yield. --- Bureau of Economic Analysis. --- Capital accumulation. --- Capital control. --- Capital market. --- Classical economics. --- Consumer behaviour. --- Consumer spending. --- Consumer. --- Consumption (economics). --- Convergence (economics). --- Cost Of Funds. --- Credit default swap. --- Credit risk. --- Currency. --- Current account. --- Democracy and economic growth. --- Derivative (finance). --- Developed country. --- Development economics. --- Economic equilibrium. --- Economic growth. --- Economic history. --- Economic indicator. --- Economic interventionism. --- Economic liberalization. --- Economic nationalism. --- Economic planning. --- Economic policy. --- Economic power. --- Economic recovery. --- Economic sociology. --- Economic surplus. --- Economics. --- Economy. --- Effectiveness. --- Endogeneity (econometrics). --- Entrepreneurship. --- Evolutionary economics. --- Exchange rate. --- Factor endowment. --- Financial inclusion. --- Financial transaction. --- Fiscal capacity. --- GDP deflator. --- Globalization. --- Historical institutionalism. --- Household. --- Human capital. --- Incentive. --- Inclusive growth. --- Income tax. --- Income. --- Innovation. --- Institution. --- Institutional theory. --- Interest rate parity. --- Interest rate. --- International development. --- International trade. --- Investment fund. --- Investment. --- Investor. --- Journal of Political Economy. --- Knowledge economy. --- Labour economics. --- Market economy. --- Market integration. --- Market liquidity. --- Market power. --- Marketplace of ideas. --- Meritocracy. --- Neoclassical economics. --- Neoliberalism. --- Net Investment Income. --- New institutional economics. --- Output (economics). --- Probability theory. --- Production–possibility frontier. --- Public policy. --- Rate of return. --- Saving. --- Social capital. --- Social evolution. --- Social mobility. --- Social science. --- Socioeconomic development. --- State (polity). --- Supply (economics). --- Theoretical Value. --- Welfare economics. --- World Bank Group. --- World Bank. --- World Trade Organization. --- World Values Survey. --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Legitimacy of governments --- Economics --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Political stability. --- Economic development --- Institutional economics