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This paper shows how badly a market economy may respond to a positive productivity shock in an environment with asymmetric information about project quality: some, all, or even more than all the benefits from the increase in productivity may be dissipated. In the model, based on Bernanke and Gertler (1990), entrepreneurs with a low default probability are charged the same interest rate as entrepreneurs with a high default probability. The implicit subsidy from good types to bad means that the marginal entrant will have a negative-value project. An example is presented in which, after a positive productivity shock, the presence of enough bad type's forces the interest rate so high that it drives all entrepreneurs out of the market. This happens in an industry in which there are good projects that are productive. The problem is that they are contaminated in the capital market by bad projects because of the banks inability to distinguish good projects from bad. One possible explanation for the lack of development in some countries is that screening institutions are sufficiently weak that impersonal financial markets cannot function. If industrialization entails learning spillovers concentrated within national boundaries, and if initially informational asymmetries are sufficiently great that the capital market does not emerge, then neither industrialization nor the learning that it would foster will occur.

Access to Finance --- Asymmetric information --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Borrowers --- Capital market --- Debt Markets --- Default --- Default probability --- Economic Theory & Research --- Exchange --- Finance --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial fragility --- Financial market --- Financial markets --- Good --- Implicit subsidy --- Informational asymmetries --- Interest --- Interest rate --- International bank --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market --- Market economy --- Markets and Market Access --- Negative shock --- Lyon

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• Reference Manager
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This paper shows how badly a market economy may respond to a positive productivity shock in an environment with asymmetric information about project quality: some, all, or even more than all the benefits from the increase in productivity may be dissipated. In the model, based on Bernanke and Gertler (1990), entrepreneurs with a low default probability are charged the same interest rate as entrepreneurs with a high default probability. The implicit subsidy from good types to bad means that the marginal entrant will have a negative-value project. An example is presented in which, after a positive productivity shock, the presence of enough bad type's forces the interest rate so high that it drives all entrepreneurs out of the market. This happens in an industry in which there are good projects that are productive. The problem is that they are contaminated in the capital market by bad projects because of the banks inability to distinguish good projects from bad. One possible explanation for the lack of development in some countries is that screening institutions are sufficiently weak that impersonal financial markets cannot function. If industrialization entails learning spillovers concentrated within national boundaries, and if initially informational asymmetries are sufficiently great that the capital market does not emerge, then neither industrialization nor the learning that it would foster will occur.

Access to Finance --- Asymmetric information --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Borrowers --- Capital market --- Debt Markets --- Default --- Default probability --- Economic Theory & Research --- Exchange --- Finance --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial fragility --- Financial market --- Financial markets --- Good --- Implicit subsidy --- Informational asymmetries --- Interest --- Interest rate --- International bank --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market --- Market economy --- Markets and Market Access --- Negative shock --- Lyon

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No detailed description available for "The Economics of Sovereign Debt and Default".

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / Macroeconomics. --- Debts, External. --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- Debts, Public. --- Default (Finance) --- Finance --- Finance, Public --- Repudiation --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- 1997 Asian financial crisis. --- Auction. --- Balance of trade. --- Bank rate. --- Bond (finance). --- Bond market. --- Capital market. --- Capitalism. --- Central bank. --- Competition (economics). --- Consumer price index. --- Consumption (economics). --- Convergence (economics). --- Coordination failure (economics). --- Cost of capital. --- Credit (finance). --- Credit default swap. --- Credit risk. --- Creditor. --- Currency. --- Debt Issue. --- Debt crisis. --- Debt limit. --- Debt overhang. --- Debt ratio. --- Debt. --- Default (finance). --- Economic equilibrium. --- Economic liberalization. --- Economic planning. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- Economy. --- Equity Market. --- Equity ratio. --- European debt crisis. --- Eurozone. --- Exchange rate. --- External debt. --- Finance. --- Financial Account. --- Financial Times. --- Financial crisis of 2007–08. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial engineering. --- Financial fragility. --- Fiscal policy. --- Foreign Exchange Reserves. --- Foreign direct investment. --- Government bond. --- Government budget balance. --- Government budget. --- Government debt. --- Haircut (finance). --- Hedge (finance). --- Hedge fund. --- High-yield debt. --- Incremental capital-output ratio. --- Inflation. --- Institutional investor. --- Insurance. --- Interest rate. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Investment goods. --- Investment. --- Macroeconomics. --- Market economy. --- Market liquidity. --- Market mechanism. --- Market price. --- Market value. --- Money management. --- Money market. --- Neoclassical economics. --- Net capital outflow. --- Net foreign assets. --- Payment. --- Political economy. --- Price Change. --- Probability of default. --- Profit (economics). --- Public finance. --- Real interest rate. --- Repayment. --- Return on capital. --- Revaluation of fixed assets. --- Risk premium. --- Risk-Return Tradeoff. --- Securitization. --- Stock market index. --- Stock market. --- Supply (economics). --- Swap (finance). --- Tax revenue. --- Trade credit. --- Trader (finance). --- Trading nation. --- United States Treasury security. --- World Bank. --- World economy. --- E-books