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Investment. --- Financial constraints. --- Soft budget constraint. --- Transition to a market economy.

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A close scrutiny of how theatre companies operate is an often neglected aspect of theatre life in Africa, yet, as companies profiled here grapple with the issues of 'creativity and collaboration' much is revealed about the way theatre companies across the continent face the challenges of financial constraints, the political complications of sponsorship and funding, the need for creative or intellectual freedoms, the intricacies of contracts and the crucial decisions about venues and audiences. Volume Editor: JAMES GIBBS, University of the West of England. The contributors include: DEXTER LYNDERSAY, FOLUKE OUGUNLEYE, SIRI LANGE, ALLY MKUMBILA, BRACCO CHITOSA, MANFRED LOIMEIR, LUCY RICHARDSON, CHRISTINE MATZKE, VICTOR S. DUGGA, PATRICK-JUDE OTEH, BASIL JONES, MICHAEL WALLING, BRITISH COUNCIL, JOS REPERTORY THEATRE.

Theater --- Theatrical companies --- Acting companies --- Acting troupes --- Companies, Theatrical --- Dramatic companies --- Theater companies --- Troupes, Acting --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Audience. --- Creative Collaboration. --- Financial Constraints. --- Intellectual Freedoms. --- Political Complications. --- Theatre Companies. --- Venue.

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This paper examines whether political connections ease financial constraints faced by firms. Using firm-level data from six Central and Eastern European economies, the paper shows that politically connected firms: (i) have high levels of leverage, (ii) have low levels of profitability, (iii) are less capitalized, (iv) have low marginal productivity of capital, and (v) do not invest more than unconnected firms. Next, the paper shows that connected firms borrow more because they have easier access to credit and that political connections lead to a misallocation of capital. The results are consistent with the idea that political connections distort capital allocation and may have welfare costs.

Allocative Efficiency --- Corruption --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Constraints --- Financial Regulation and Supervision --- Governance --- Investment --- Marginal Product of Capital --- Misallocation of Capital --- Political Connections --- Politically Exposed Persons --- Public Sector Development --- Return On Asset

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Even as they see their wages go down and their buying power decrease, many parents are still putting their kids' material desires first. These parents struggle with how to handle children's consumer wants, which continue unabated despite the economic downturn. And, indeed, parents and other adults continue to spend billions of dollars on children every year. Why do children seem to desire so much, so often, so soon, and why do parents capitulate so readily? To determine what forces lie behind the onslaught of Nintendo Wiis and Bratz dolls, Allison J. Pugh spent three years observing and interviewing children and their families. In Longing and Belonging: Parents, Children, and Consumer Culture, Pugh teases out the complex factors that contribute to how we buy, from lunchroom conversations about Game Boys to the stark inequalities facing American children. Pugh finds that children's desires stem less from striving for status or falling victim to advertising than from their yearning to join the conversation at school or in the neighborhood. Most parents respond to children's need to belong by buying the particular goods and experiences that act as passports in children's social worlds, because they sympathize with their children's fear of being different from their peers. Even under financial constraints, families prioritize children "feeling normal". Pugh masterfully illuminates the surprising similarities in the fears and hopes of parents and children from vastly different social contexts, showing that while corporate marketing and materialism play a part in the commodification of childhood, at the heart of the matter is the desire to belong.

Child consumers --- Consumer behavior --- Consumption (Economics) --- Parent and child --- Social aspects --- Child consumers. --- Consumptiemaatschappij. --- Eltern --- Kinderen. --- Konsumverhalten --- Ouderschap. --- Parent and child. --- Verbraucherverhalten. --- Social aspects. --- California. --- Kalifornien. --- Verenigde Staten. --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- National consumption --- Child and parent --- Children and parents --- Parent-child relations --- Parents and children --- Children and adults --- Interpersonal relations --- Parental alienation syndrome --- Sandwich generation --- Children as consumers --- Consumers --- Consumer demand --- Consumer spending --- Consumerism --- Spending, Consumer --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Behavior, Consumer --- Buyer behavior --- Decision making, Consumer --- Human behavior --- Consumer profiling --- Market surveys --- ambivalence. --- american children. --- american culture. --- american society. --- belonging. --- childhood. --- children. --- commodification of childhood. --- consumer culture. --- consumer desires. --- consumerism. --- corporate marketing. --- desire to belong. --- economic downturn. --- economy of dignity. --- family. --- feeling normal. --- financial constraints. --- inequality. --- low income parenting. --- market. --- material desires. --- materialism. --- parenthood. --- parents. --- social contexts. --- social desires. --- social inequality. --- social psychology. --- sociology of children. --- sociology.

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The Efficient Market Hypothesis believes that it is impossible for an investor to outperform the market because all available information is already built into stock prices. However, some anomalies could persist in stock markets while some other anomalies could appear, disappear and re-appear again without any warning. A Special Issue on "Efficiency and Anomalies in Stock Markets" will be devoted to advancements in the theoretical development of market efficiency and anomaly in the Stock Market, as well as applications in Stock Market efficiency and anomalies.

Development economics & emerging economies --- stochastic dominance --- Omega ratio --- risk averters --- risk seekers --- utility maximization --- market efficiency --- anomaly --- emerging markets --- KSE Pakistan --- three-factor model --- size and value premiums --- future economic growth --- liquidity proxy --- emerging market --- transaction cost --- price impact --- efficient market --- economic policy uncertainty --- random walk --- news --- Asian market --- G7 market --- real exchange rate --- volatility --- financial development --- economic growth --- Put–Call Ratio --- volume --- open interest --- frequency-domain roiling causality --- convertible bond --- financial constraints --- stock performance --- Autoregressive Model --- non-Gaussian error --- realized volatility --- Threshold Autoregressive Model --- value premium --- technical analysis --- moving average --- China stock market --- stock market --- finance --- applications --- EMH --- anomalies --- Behavioral Finance --- Winner–Loser Effect --- Momentum Effect --- calendar anomalies --- BM effect --- the size effect --- Disposition Effect --- Equity Premium Puzzle --- herd effect --- ostrich effect --- bubbles --- trading rules --- overconfidence --- utility --- portfolio selection --- portfolio optimization --- risk measures --- performance measures --- indifference curves --- two-moment decision models --- dynamic models --- diversification --- behavioral models --- unit root --- cointegration --- causality --- nonlinearity --- covariance --- copulas --- robust estimation --- anchoring --- stochastic dominance --- Omega ratio --- risk averters --- risk seekers --- utility maximization --- market efficiency --- anomaly --- emerging markets --- KSE Pakistan --- three-factor model --- size and value premiums --- future economic growth --- liquidity proxy --- emerging market --- transaction cost --- price impact --- efficient market --- economic policy uncertainty --- random walk --- news --- Asian market --- G7 market --- real exchange rate --- volatility --- financial development --- economic growth --- Put–Call Ratio --- volume --- open interest --- frequency-domain roiling causality --- convertible bond --- financial constraints --- stock performance --- Autoregressive Model --- non-Gaussian error --- realized volatility --- Threshold Autoregressive Model --- value premium --- technical analysis --- moving average --- China stock market --- stock market --- finance --- applications --- EMH --- anomalies --- Behavioral Finance --- Winner–Loser Effect --- Momentum Effect --- calendar anomalies --- BM effect --- the size effect --- Disposition Effect --- Equity Premium Puzzle --- herd effect --- ostrich effect --- bubbles --- trading rules --- overconfidence --- utility --- portfolio selection --- portfolio optimization --- risk measures --- performance measures --- indifference curves --- two-moment decision models --- dynamic models --- diversification --- behavioral models --- unit root --- cointegration --- causality --- nonlinearity --- covariance --- copulas --- robust estimation --- anchoring