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Qui a découvert un nombre exceptionnel de comètes et d'astéroïdes ? Une femme. Qui a permis d'organiser la population stellaire ? Des femmes. Et la loi permettant d'arpenter l'Univers ? Encore et toujours... une femme ! Pourtant, quand il s'agit de citer au hasard un "astronome historique", on pense le plus souvent à des hommes : Galilée, Copernic, ou plus près de nous, Hubble. Certes, au cours des siècles, les femmes n'ont guère eu l'occasion d'accéder aux sciences en général et à l'astronomie en particulier. Est-ce pour autant une raison de croire en l'absence totale de leurs contributions ? À rebours des idées reçues, Yaël Nazé retrace le parcours de quelques scientifiques importantes qui ont en commun une particularité : leur sexe. L'ouvrage suit la trame des grandes découvertes, chaque domaine donnant lieu à une description des phénomènes astronomiques concernés et à un récit où l'on retrouve les grandes figures féminines de l'astronomie.

Femmes astronomes --- astronomie --- femme --- Women astronomers. --- Astronomy --- Astronomie --- History. --- Histoire. --- Femmes astronomes.

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"Aden B. Meinel and wife Marjorie P. Meinel stood at the confluence of several overarching technological developments of the 20th century: postwar aerial surveillance by spy planes and satellites, solar energy, the evolution of telescope design, interdisciplinary optics, and photonics. In 1945 he was a Navy Ensign ordered to find the secret tunnels in Nazi Germany where the V-2 rockets menacing Great Britain and Belgium were being manufactured. After receiving both his B.A. degree and Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of California at Berkeley within three years, Aden was invited to join the scientific staff at Yerkes Observatory/University of Chicago. While there he was selected by the National Science Foundation to manage the development of a new national observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona, and served as its first Director. In the early 1960s he founded the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona, which later metamorphosed into the College of Optical Sciences with the doctoral program in interdisciplinary optics. It was here that he also designed the first Multiple Mirror Telescope and with wife Marjorie pioneered the feasibility of solar energy power on a commercial scale. Aden's knowledge and expertise in optics made him invaluable in research on cameras for spy satellites and spy planes overflying the Soviet Union and Southeast Asia. After retirement the Meinels worked for NASA/JPL on the precursor of the James Webb Space Telescope and on the exoplanet program. They also served on the team that corrected spherical aberration in the Hubble Space Telescope"--

Astronomers --- Astronomes. --- Femmes astronomes. --- Space astronomy --- Astronomie spatiale. --- Instruments. --- Meinel, Aden B. --- Meinel, Marjorie Pettit. --- Meinel, Aden B., --- Meinel, Marjorie P.

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In 2013, the New York Times published an obituary for Yvonne Brill. It began: "She made a mean beef stroganoff, followed her husband from job to job, and took eight years off from work to raise three children." It wasn't until the second paragraph that readers discovered why the Times had devoted several hundred words to her life: Brill was a brilliant rocket scientist who invented a propulsion system to keep communications satellites in orbit, and had recently been awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation. Among the questions the obituary -- and consequent outcry -- prompted were, Who are the role models for today's female scientists, and where can we find the stories that cast them in their true light? Headstrong delivers a response. Covering Nobel Prize winners and major innovators, as well as lesser-known but hugely significant scientists who influence our every day, Rachel Swaby's profiles span centuries of courageous thinkers and illustrate how each one's ideas developed, from their first moment of scientific engagement through the research and discovery for which they're best known. This tour reveals these 52 women at their best -- while encouraging and inspiring a new generation of girls to put on their lab coats

Women scientists - Biography --- Women astronomers - Biography --- Women physicians - Biography --- Women biologists - Biography --- Women physicists - Biography --- Women mathematicians - Biography --- Women scientists --- Women astronomers --- Women physicians --- Women biologists --- Women physicists --- Women mathematicians --- Femmes scientifiques. --- Femmes astronomes. --- Physiciennes. --- Mathématiciennes. --- Femmes biologistes. --- Mathématiciennes.

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The moving stories of the physicists, biologists, chemists, astronomers and doctors who helped to shape our world with their extraordinary breakthroughs and inventions, and outlines their remarkable achievements. These scientists overcame significant obstacles, often simply because they were women their science and their lives were driven by personal tragedies and shaped by seismic world events. What drove these remarkable women to cure previously incurable diseases, disprove existing theories or discover new sources of energy ? Some were rewarded with the Nobel Prize for their pioneering achievements - Madame Curie, twice - others were not and, even if they had, many are not household names. Despite living during periods when the contribution of women was disregarded, if not ignored, these resilient women persevered with their research, whether creating life-saving drugs or expanding our knowledge of the cosmos. By daring to ask 'How ?' and 'Why ?' and persevering against the odds, each of these women, in a variety of ways, has made the world a better place.

Women scientists --- Women astronomers --- Women physicians --- Women biologists --- Women physicists --- Science --- Physicians, Women --- Femmes scientifiques --- Femmes astronomes --- Femmes chimistes --- Physiciennes --- Femmes biologistes --- Sciences --- History. --- Histoire --- Histoire. --- Apgar, Virginia, --- Carson, Rachel, --- Curie, Marie, --- Elion, Gertrude B. --- Hodgkin, Dorothy, --- Leavitt, Henrietta Swan, --- Levi-Montalcini, Rita. --- Meitner, Lise, --- Widdowson, Elsie M. --- Wu, C. S. --- Carson, Rachel Louise --- Curie, Marie --- Elion, Gertrude Belle --- Hodgkin, Dorothy --- Leavitt, Henrietta S --- Levi-Montalcini, Rita --- Meitner, Lise --- Widdowson, Elsie May --- Wu, Chien-shiung --- Women in science --- History --- Carson, Rachel --- Women scientists - History --- Women scientists - Biography --- Women in science - History --- Physicians, Women.