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FTO licensing in the pharmaceutical industry deserves special consideration because of the large economic scale of the market, expensive cost of R&D, extremely low success rate, and easy duplication of the drug. Taking these unique aspects into consideration, the author first explaines how to perform a good FTO search and conclude an appropriate FTO licensing agreement, and then points out two issues; (i) the issue of FTO licensing and EU competition, especially the unreasonable application of the Guideline, and (ii) the issue of FTO licensing and differentiating between a bio venture company and a pharmaceutical company. Solutions for these issues are proposed.
Drugs --- Patent medicines --- Patents. --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- FTO --- pharmaceutical industry --- Freedom to Operate --- antitrust law --- FTO-licensing market --- Patent --- License --- Pharmaceutical --- EU competition law
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This master thesis focuses on thin film solar cells based on Transparent Conductor Oxide (TCO) that are able to generate an electric current while maintaining their transparency to visible light for photovoltaic and UV detectors applications. The studied heterostructure is based on Nickel Oxide (NiO), which is a new interesting material that exhibit an p-type behaviour, and Zinc Oxide (ZnO), a well-known n-type material subjected to many scientific researches in many fields. Moreover, dip-coating deposition technique is used in this master thesis to synthesised the heterojunction. This fabrication process is a soft chemical deposition technique where sol-gel solutions are used as precursors for the deposition. All the depositions are performed on a transparent glass substrate coated by a Fluorine Tin Oxide (FTO) thin film that plays the role of an ohmic back contact. Gold pads are deposited by sputtering on the top of the NiO (p-type side) to form the top contacts. The resulting heterostructure is characterised by different methods and the obtained I-V curves are compared to a simple analytical model.
Photoelectrical --- Photovoltaic --- Solar cell --- TCO --- Sputtering --- PN junction --- Semiconductor --- Transparent oxide --- NiO --- ZnO --- Dip-coating --- Heterojunction --- Analytical model --- Experimental --- FTO --- gas sensor --- Rectifying --- Diode --- J-V curves --- I-V curves --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Physique
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The book “Surface Treatment by Laser-Assisted Techniques” presents state-of-the-art research applications of lasers for surface modification. Applications in a broad spectrum of fields are presented: the aircraft and automotive sector, the manufacturing industry, sensor development, electronics, biomedical engineering, or the energy sector. Several radiation sources are included, from pulsed lasers in the visible and near-infrared regions to continuous-wave mid-infrared laser sources. The different chapters of the book “Surface Treatment by Laser-Assisted Techniques” cover laser texturing at nanoscale and microscale for modification of hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and ice nucleation; the production of palladium, platinum and silver nanoparticles for sensor applications; the texturization of composite bioceramics for improved fixation in bone prosthesis; the surface texturization of natural ceramic materials by scanned laser radiation; the laser ablation of interfaces to enhance adhesion in dissimilar joints; the analysis of material thermoelastic response; and the production of highly polished topographies in pulsed laser surface modification. Moreover, the production of high-entropy alloy/diamond composite coatings, the modellization of the gas-powder injection, and the generation of thermal barrier coatings by laser cladding are reported in the last chapters of this book.
Engineering --- Technology --- Pd --- Pt --- FTO --- laser irradiations --- dewetting --- nanoparticles --- surface treatment --- CO2 laser --- scanning system --- granite stone --- dual-beam --- beam shaper --- MPFV method --- laser polishing --- zigzag-square wave --- bioceramics --- laser ablation --- roughness --- composites --- hip joint prosthesis --- cementless cup --- bone --- silver nanoparticles --- electrophoretic deposition --- pulsed laser ablation in liquid --- laser welding --- metal-polymer --- thermal contact resistance --- generalized thermoelasticity --- laser radiation --- volumetric absorption --- thermal stresses --- cooling effect --- laser cladding --- diamond composite coating --- high entropy alloy --- high scanning speed --- wear resistance --- laser-cladding --- La2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coating --- Ni-based superalloy --- high temperature oxidation --- thermal shock --- extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA) --- laser material deposition (LMD) --- coaxial powder nozzle --- coating --- additive manufacturing --- numerical simulation --- hydrothermal treatment --- micro/nano-hierarchical structures --- wetting model --- anti-icing --- History. --- History. --- Pd --- Pt --- FTO --- laser irradiations --- dewetting --- nanoparticles --- surface treatment --- CO2 laser --- scanning system --- granite stone --- dual-beam --- beam shaper --- MPFV method --- laser polishing --- zigzag-square wave --- bioceramics --- laser ablation --- roughness --- composites --- hip joint prosthesis --- cementless cup --- bone --- silver nanoparticles --- electrophoretic deposition --- pulsed laser ablation in liquid --- laser welding --- metal-polymer --- thermal contact resistance --- generalized thermoelasticity --- laser radiation --- volumetric absorption --- thermal stresses --- cooling effect --- laser cladding --- diamond composite coating --- high entropy alloy --- high scanning speed --- wear resistance --- laser-cladding --- La2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coating --- Ni-based superalloy --- high temperature oxidation --- thermal shock --- extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA) --- laser material deposition (LMD) --- coaxial powder nozzle --- coating --- additive manufacturing --- numerical simulation --- hydrothermal treatment --- micro/nano-hierarchical structures --- wetting model --- anti-icing
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The book “Surface Treatment by Laser-Assisted Techniques” presents state-of-the-art research applications of lasers for surface modification. Applications in a broad spectrum of fields are presented: the aircraft and automotive sector, the manufacturing industry, sensor development, electronics, biomedical engineering, or the energy sector. Several radiation sources are included, from pulsed lasers in the visible and near-infrared regions to continuous-wave mid-infrared laser sources. The different chapters of the book “Surface Treatment by Laser-Assisted Techniques” cover laser texturing at nanoscale and microscale for modification of hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and ice nucleation; the production of palladium, platinum and silver nanoparticles for sensor applications; the texturization of composite bioceramics for improved fixation in bone prosthesis; the surface texturization of natural ceramic materials by scanned laser radiation; the laser ablation of interfaces to enhance adhesion in dissimilar joints; the analysis of material thermoelastic response; and the production of highly polished topographies in pulsed laser surface modification. Moreover, the production of high-entropy alloy/diamond composite coatings, the modellization of the gas-powder injection, and the generation of thermal barrier coatings by laser cladding are reported in the last chapters of this book.
History of engineering & technology --- Pd --- Pt --- FTO --- laser irradiations --- dewetting --- nanoparticles --- surface treatment --- CO2 laser --- scanning system --- granite stone --- dual-beam --- beam shaper --- MPFV method --- laser polishing --- zigzag-square wave --- bioceramics --- laser ablation --- roughness --- composites --- hip joint prosthesis --- cementless cup --- bone --- silver nanoparticles --- electrophoretic deposition --- pulsed laser ablation in liquid --- laser welding --- metal–polymer --- thermal contact resistance --- generalized thermoelasticity --- laser radiation --- volumetric absorption --- thermal stresses --- cooling effect --- laser cladding --- diamond composite coating --- high entropy alloy --- high scanning speed --- wear resistance --- laser-cladding --- La2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coating --- Ni-based superalloy --- high temperature oxidation --- thermal shock --- extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA) --- laser material deposition (LMD) --- coaxial powder nozzle --- coating --- additive manufacturing --- numerical simulation --- hydrothermal treatment --- micro/nano-hierarchical structures --- wetting model --- anti-icing --- n/a --- metal-polymer --- Engineering --- Technology --- History.
Choose an application
The book “Surface Treatment by Laser-Assisted Techniques” presents state-of-the-art research applications of lasers for surface modification. Applications in a broad spectrum of fields are presented: the aircraft and automotive sector, the manufacturing industry, sensor development, electronics, biomedical engineering, or the energy sector. Several radiation sources are included, from pulsed lasers in the visible and near-infrared regions to continuous-wave mid-infrared laser sources. The different chapters of the book “Surface Treatment by Laser-Assisted Techniques” cover laser texturing at nanoscale and microscale for modification of hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and ice nucleation; the production of palladium, platinum and silver nanoparticles for sensor applications; the texturization of composite bioceramics for improved fixation in bone prosthesis; the surface texturization of natural ceramic materials by scanned laser radiation; the laser ablation of interfaces to enhance adhesion in dissimilar joints; the analysis of material thermoelastic response; and the production of highly polished topographies in pulsed laser surface modification. Moreover, the production of high-entropy alloy/diamond composite coatings, the modellization of the gas-powder injection, and the generation of thermal barrier coatings by laser cladding are reported in the last chapters of this book.
Pd --- Pt --- FTO --- laser irradiations --- dewetting --- nanoparticles --- surface treatment --- CO2 laser --- scanning system --- granite stone --- dual-beam --- beam shaper --- MPFV method --- laser polishing --- zigzag-square wave --- bioceramics --- laser ablation --- roughness --- composites --- hip joint prosthesis --- cementless cup --- bone --- silver nanoparticles --- electrophoretic deposition --- pulsed laser ablation in liquid --- laser welding --- metal–polymer --- thermal contact resistance --- generalized thermoelasticity --- laser radiation --- volumetric absorption --- thermal stresses --- cooling effect --- laser cladding --- diamond composite coating --- high entropy alloy --- high scanning speed --- wear resistance --- laser-cladding --- La2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coating --- Ni-based superalloy --- high temperature oxidation --- thermal shock --- extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA) --- laser material deposition (LMD) --- coaxial powder nozzle --- coating --- additive manufacturing --- numerical simulation --- hydrothermal treatment --- micro/nano-hierarchical structures --- wetting model --- anti-icing --- n/a --- metal-polymer --- Engineering --- Technology --- History.
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