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This volume is a valuable re-assessment of the Nicaraguan Revolution by a Marxist historian of Latin American political history. It shows that the FSLN (‘the Sandinistas’), with politics principally shaped by Soviet and Cuban Communism, never had a commitment to genuine democracy either within the revolutionary movement or within society at large; that the FSLN’s lack of commitment to democracy was a key factor in the way that revolution was betrayed from the 1970s to the 1990s; and that the FSLN’s lack of rank-and-file democracy left all decision-making to the National Directorate and ultimately placed that power in the hands of Daniel Ortega. Pursuing his narrative into the present, La Botz shows that, once their would-be bureaucratic ruling class project was defeated, Ortega and the FSLN leadership turned to an alliance with the capitalist class.

Counterrevolutions --- Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional --- FSLN --- F.S.L.N. --- Sandinist National Liberation Front --- Sandinista National Liberation Front --- History. --- Nicaragua --- History --- Politics and government

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Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional --- History --- Nicaragua --- Causes --- Histoire --- Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional --- Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional --- -FSLN --- F.S.L.N. --- Sandinist National Liberation Front --- Sandinista National Liberation Front --- -History --- -Causes. --- History. --- Causes. --- FSLN --- Nikaragua --- Nikaragoua --- República de Nicaragua --- Republic of Nicaragua --- Central America (Federal Republic) --- Nicaragua. Histoire politique. 20e s. --- Nicaragua. Politieke geschiedenis. 20e eeuw. --- Nicaragua - History - 1909-1937 --- Nicaragua - History - 1937-1979 --- Nicaragua - History - Revolution, 1979 - Causes

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“Cuando se empieza una lucha, uno cree saber cuál es la niela final pero, a medida que la lucha avanza y se intensifica, uno se va dundo cuenta de que la meta no era el final sino más bien el verdadero principio, y que el logro de la meta, al erradicar un mal forzosamente también ocasiona problemas.”

Regions & Countries - Americas --- History & Archaeology --- Latin America --- Sandino, Augusto César, --- Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional --- History. --- Nicaragua --- History --- Sandino, A. C. --- Sandino, César Augusto, --- Sandino, Augusto Nicolás Calderón, --- FSLN --- F.S.L.N. --- Sandinist National Liberation Front --- Sandinista National Liberation Front --- movimiento sandinista

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Drawing on testimonies from contra collaborators and ex-combatants, as well as pro-Sandinista peasants, this book presents a dynamic account of the growing divisions between peasants from the area of Quilalí who took up arms in defense of revolutionary programs and ideals such as land reform and equality and those who opposed the FSLN. Peasants in Arms details the role of local elites in organizing the first anti-Sandinista uprising in 1980 and their subsequent rise to positions of field command in the contras. Lynn Horton explores the internal factors that led a majority of peasants to turn

Counterrevolutions --- Peasants --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Revolutions --- History. --- Social conditions. --- Milicia Popular Anti-Sandinista (Nicaragua) --- Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional. --- FSLN --- F.S.L.N. --- Sandinist National Liberation Front --- Sandinista National Liberation Front --- Anti-Sandinista Popular Militia (Nicaragua) --- MILPA --- Nicaragua --- History

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“I went to Nicaragua with nothing but a tourist visa, $1,500 in cash, the name of someone at the Agrarian Reform Ministry, and the idea of being a revolutionary intellectual. . . . The idea took hold in a simple character flaw: wanting to believe that I knew better than everyone else.” —From the preface When Michael Johns joined a Sandinista militia in 1983, a fellow revolutionary dubbed him a rábano, a radish: red on the outside but white on the inside. Now, more than twenty-five years later, Johns appreciates the wisdom of that label as he revisits the questions of identity he tried to resolve by working with the Sandinistas at that point in his life. In The Education of a Radical, Johns recounts his immersion in Marxism and the Nicaraguan sojourn it led to, with a painful maturation process along the way. His conversion began in college, where he joined a student group called the Latin American Solidarity Association and traveled to Chiapas, Mexico, for research on his senior thesis. Overwhelmed by the poverty he witnessed (and fascinated by a new friend named Maricela who was trying to turn peasants into revolutionaries and who carried a heavily highlighted copy of Late Capitalism), he experienced an ideological transformation. When a Marxist professor later encouraged him to travel to Nicaragua, the real internal battle began for him, a battle that was intensified by the U.S. invasion of Grenada and its effect on the Sandinistas, who believed they were the next target for an imminent American invasion. Before he knew it, Johns was digging trenches and learning how to use an AK-47. His intellectual ideals came face-to-face with revolutionary facts, and the results would perplex him for years to come. Bringing to life a vivid portrait of the sometimes painful process of reconciling reality with romanticized principles, The Education of a Radical encapsulates a trove of truths about humanity, economics, and politics in one man’s memorable journey.

Civil war --- Socialism --- Americans --- Revolutionaries --- Intellectuals --- History --- Johns, Michael, --- Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional. --- Nicaragua --- Participation, American. --- Militia --- Yankees --- Ethnology --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- FSLN --- F.S.L.N. --- Sandinist National Liberation Front --- Sandinista National Liberation Front --- Nikaragua --- Nikaragoua --- República de Nicaragua --- Republic of Nicaragua --- Central America (Federal Republic)