Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper addresses issues relating to the establishment and financial management of extrabudgetary funds (EBFs), a large group of government entities that on average accounts for 40 to 45 percent of central government expenditure-two-thirds of which represents social security funds-in countries at various stages of development. If improperly designed and managed, EBFs can undermine effective fiscal control. However, they also bring potential benefits in the form of greater autonomy of decision-making in countries with well-established governance and financial management systems that have applied the "agency model" of devolved public management and fiscal control. The paper develops a typology of EBFs and argues that EBFs are frequently created because of failures in the budget system and political economy factors that need to be recognized and, where possible, corrected. The paper recommends that data on EBFs be consolidated within a unified system of fiscal reporting and proposes an analytical framework that governments might use to evaluate the effectiveness and utility of their EBFs.

Fiscal policy. --- Financial management --- Economic aspects. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Government policy --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Budgeting --- Public Finance --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Budget planning and preparation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Fiscal policy --- Expenditure --- Extra-budgetary funds --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper analyzes the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on fiscal transparency for the United States. It assesses fiscal transparency practices in the United States against the requirements of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. It reviews the description of practice, prepared by the IMF staff on the basis of discussions with the United States authorities and their responses to the fiscal transparency questionnaire, and provides a commentary of IMF staff on fiscal transparency in the United States.

Accounting --- Budgeting --- Public Finance --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Fiscal Policy --- Budgeting & financial management --- Macroeconomics --- Public finance accounting --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal policy --- Fiscal accounting and reporting --- Financial statements --- Extra-budgetary funds --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Budget --- Finance, Public --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper examines the macroeconomic and distributional consequences of a policy change, other things being equal, that would allow U.S. Social Security trust fund assets to be invested in private securities. Improving the expected return to trust fund assets, by shifting these from government bonds to private securities, tends to reduce (increase) the future claim on national output of the current (future) working population. The effects on aggregate saving and future output depend on whether current workers interpret this policy change as affecting their future Social Security benefits.

Budgeting --- Investments: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Macroeconomics --- Investments: Bonds --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Investment & securities --- Budgeting & financial management --- Securities --- Extra-budgetary funds --- Stocks --- Private savings --- Consumption --- Financial institutions --- Public financial management (PFM) --- National accounts --- Sovereign bonds --- Financial instruments --- Budget --- Saving and investment --- Economics --- Bonds --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report provides the IMF's projections and estimates on Nigeria's gross domestic product by sector of origin at current domestic prices and constant 1990 prices; by expenditure category at current prices and constant 1990 prices; consolidated government finances, revenue, and expenditure; federation account operations; summary federal government fiscal operations; budgeted total, recurrent, and capital expenditures of the federal government by functional classification; monetary survey; balance of payments; consolidated accounts of the central bank, commercial, and merchant banks, during 1993–98; summary of the tax system as of June 1999, and so on.

Banks and Banking --- Budgeting --- Investments: Energy --- Public Finance --- Investments: Commodities --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Energy: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Agriculture: General --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public finance & taxation --- Oil --- Commercial banks --- Bank deposits --- Extra-budgetary funds --- Commodities --- Financial institutions --- Expenditure --- Agricultural commodities --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Banks and banking --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- Farm produce --- Nigeria

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper provides a review of recent economic developments in Palau, covering the first five years of the Compact of Free Association (Compact) with the United States. The paper analyzes the economic growth, prices, wages, and employment. The study assesses the public finances and overall developments, which include revenues and grants, expenditure, local governments, trust funds, and nonfinancial public enterprises. The paper provides a detailed study of the financial and external sectors, current and capital accounts, external debt, and exchange and trade systems.

Banks and Banking --- Budgeting --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Wages --- Income --- Extra-budgetary funds --- Capital spending --- National accounts --- Revenue administration --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Expenditure --- Budget --- Banks and banking --- Capital investments --- Revenue --- Palau, Republic of