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The paper considers concepts of economic diversification with respect to exports (including service sectors) for small states. We assessed the economic performance of different groups of 34 small states over the period of 1990-2015 and found those more diversified experienced lower output volatility and higher average growth than most other small states. Our findings are consistent with conventional economic theories but we found that export diversification has a more significant impact on reducing output volatility than improving long run growth in small states. Diversification requires fundamental changes and should be contemplated in the context of a cohesive development strategy.

Exports and Imports --- Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism --- Trade: General --- Neoclassical Models of Trade --- Sports --- Gambling --- Restaurants --- Recreation --- Tourism --- International economics --- Hospitality, leisure & tourism industries --- Export diversification --- Exports --- Export earnings --- Comparative advantage --- International trade --- Economic sectors --- Mauritius

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Sudanese inflation dramatically fell in 2000. But just prior to the sharp decline, an export ban was placed on Sudanese livestock. Motivated by this clue, and in the absence of any reliable income or employment data, this paper systematically develops simultaneous models of the consumer price index (CPI) and the exchange rate to assess the economic impact of the export ban. It finds that livestock exports play a large economic role as an important source of income and as a store of value. In the long run, livestock exports are positively associated with nonfood inflation. In the short run, food price movements are negatively associated with livestock exports: to help smooth income, lower food prices generate increased livestock exports. Therefore, unable to export livestock, farmers may have flooded the local market with meat, lowering food prices. Moreover, the loss of income and the decline in wealth lowered aggregate demand, leading to the decline in nonfood prices.

Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Monetary Policy --- Agriculture in International Trade --- Agriculture: General --- Trade: General --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Investment & securities --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Agricultural commodities --- Exchange rates --- Export earnings --- Food prices --- Commodities --- Consumption --- National accounts --- International trade --- Farm produce --- Exports --- Economics --- Sudan

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The paper models international spillovers from a hypothetical drop of China’s imports as a result of China’s rebalancing of its growth model. A network-based model used in the paper allows capturing higher round network effects of the shock, which are largely unaccounted for in the existing literature. Such effects include direct spillovers from China on its trading partners, subsequent spillins among them, and spillbacks on China itself. The paper finds that the network effects most likely will be substantial, may amplify initial shock, and change the direction of its propagation. The impact on Asia and Pacific will be the strongest followed by the Middle East and Central Asia. The impact on sub-Saharan Africa would be noticeable only for some countries. Spillovers on Europe, including the Euro area, will be moderate, and spillovers on the Western Hemisphere, including the United States, would be very marginal. Metal and non-fuel commodity exporters may experience the largest negative impact.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Neural Networks and Related Topics --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation --- Trade: General --- Externalities --- International economics --- Imports --- Export earnings --- Exports --- Spillovers --- Trade balance --- International trade --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- International finance --- Balance of trade --- China, People's Republic of

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There exist legal channels for informational lobbying of U.S. policymakers by foreign principals. Foreign governments and private sector principals frequently and intensively use this institutional channel to lobby on trade and tourism issues. The authors empirically study whether such lobbying effectively achieves its goal of trade promotion in the context of Caribbean tourism and it is the first paper to examine the potential for using foreign lobbying as a vehicle for development. They use panel data to explore and quantify the association between foreign lobbying by Caribbean principals and U.S. tourist arrivals to Caribbean destinations. A variety of sensitivity analyses support the finding of a strong association. The policy implications are obvious and potentially important for developing countries.

Accommodation and Tourism Industry --- Developed countries --- Developing countries --- Economic Theory and Research --- Environment --- Export earnings --- Hotels --- Industry --- International Economics & Trade --- Lobbying --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Protectionism --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Real income --- Tariff preferences --- Tourism --- Tourism and Ecotourism --- Trade Policy --- Trade promotion

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The report gives an assessment on the bauxite and aluminium industry of Guinea. The study assesses the performance, structure, and prospects of the industry as well as transparency and governance issues. The report also show the IMF's estimates on Guinea's social, demographic, economic, and financial indicators, GDP at current and at constant 1996 prices; financial operations of the central government, 2000–06, central government revenue and expenditure during 2000–06, summary accounts of the Central Bank as well as deposit money banks, structure of interest rates, financial soundness indicators of the banking sector, etc.

Economic development. --- International finance. --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Natural Resource Extraction --- Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General --- Trade: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Extractive industries --- International economics --- Mining sector --- Exports --- Export prices --- Metal prices --- Export earnings --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Prices --- Mineral industries --- Metals --- Guinea