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Experimentation in the Sciences : Comparative and Long-Term Historical Research on Experimental Practice
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ISBN: 9783031585050 3031585054 Year: 2024 Publisher: Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland : Imprint: Springer,

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This book takes a novel approach by highlighting comparative and long-term historical perspectives on experimental practice. The juxtaposition of accounts of natural, social, and medical experimentation is very enlightening, especially because the authors put the emphasis on the different kinds of objects of experimentation (physical matter, chemical reagents, social groups, organizations, sick individuals, archeological remains) and demonstrate how much the kinds of objects matter for the practice of experimentation, its methods, tools, and methodologies. Taken together, the chapters raise several fascinating questions for further study: What do these different approaches have in common? Why do we call them “experimentation”? What are the intersections among the fields and their developments? The volume engages philosophical approaches that are not well known to Anglophone readers (Bachelard, Bergson, Bernard, Canguilhem, among others) and brings to attention a wealth of Francophone secondary literature on past and present scientific experimentation. The collection fills a yawning gap in science, science studies, and philosophy of science teaching, making it particularly valuable philosophers and historians of science in all subfields.


Book
The Embodied Philosopher : Living in Pursuit of Boundary Questions
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ISBN: 9783030799649 9783030799632 3030799646 Year: 2022 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan,

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The book is the first formulation of a meta-philosophical scheme rooted in the embodied cognition paradigm. The emergence of experimental philosophy has given rise to a new context in which philosophers have begun to search for a more thorough definition of philosophical competence. On the other hand, a new paradigm known as embodied cognition has been proposed in the philosophy of mind. It views subjects capable of cognition and experience as living, embodied creatures coupled with their environments. The time is ripe for these two trends to join their efforts. Therefore, the book discusses what it means for a human being thought of as an living subject to pursue philosophy. In this context, in contrast to the existing literature, philosophical competence must not be conflated with competence in philosophy. The former is a skill or attitude. The book refers to this peculiar attitude as the recognition of one's epistemic position. "In The Embodied Philosopher, Konrad Werner courageously blazes a new trail in metaphilosophy. His approach is bottom-up and seeks to clear up our confusion over the role that intuitions play in philosophical argumentation. In this groundbreaking work, the reader takes delivery of not only how to contend with deep philosophical problems but how to generate the right sort of questions to ask for one to be "doing" philosophy. Anyone from undergraduate to specialist with an interest in metaphilosophy will benefit from Werner's discussion." Joseph Ulatowski, University of Waikato, New Zealand.


Book
Omissions and their moral relevance : Assessing causal and moral responsibility for the things we fail to do
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ISBN: 3957437954 3957431522 Year: 2019 Publisher: Paderborn Brill | mentis

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This book empirically investigates the social practice of ascribing moral responsibility to others for the things they failed to do, and it discusses the philosophical relevance of this practice. In our everyday life, we often blame others for things they failed to do. For instance, we might blame our neighbour for not watering our plants during our vacation. Interestingly, the attribution of blame is typically accompanied by the attribution of causal responsibility. We do not only blame our neighbour for not watering our plants, but we do so because we believe that not watering the plants caused them to dry up and die. In this book, I investigate how we make moral and causal judgments about omissions. I discuss different philosophical perspectives on this matter, and I outline to what extent the actual social practice is in line with philosophical theories.


Book
Leibniz's experimental philosophy
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9783515113076 351511307X 9783515113083 3515113088 Year: 2016 Volume: 46 Publisher: Stuttgart: Franz Steiner,


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The Spirit of Individualism : Shanghai Avant-Garde Art in the 1980s
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ISBN: 9789811986536 9789811986529 9789811986543 9789811986550 Year: 2023 Publisher: Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan,

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"This timely, compelling, and extremely useful book adds considerably to our understanding of Chinese art immediately after the Cultural Revolution by linking the artistic development of Shanghai during the 1980s with the city's vibrant artistic role within Asia during the 1930s and early '40s. ..." -David Elliott, Curator/Writer/Museum Director/Teacher, Oxford/Stockholm/Tokyo/Istanbul/Sydney/Kyiv/Moscow/Guangzhou/Berlin "It fills a long-overlooked gap in the study of China's Avant-Garde centered in Shanghai during the period, but also connected to the earlier and subsequent development from a new historicist perspective. ...A must-read for understanding the evolution of Avant-Garde Art in China, but also of China in itself." -Qiu Xiaolong, Professor, Doctor, Author (of the prize-winning Inspector Chen series translated into twenty languages and sold over two million copies worldwide) This book offers fresh perspectives and new insights into the avant-garde art in Shanghai in the 1980s that challenges the narrative in the current discourse on the appearance of contemporary art in China. It includes critical events in Shanghai, that will attract the serious attention of art professionals and collectors. Shanghai, with its semi-colonial, political, economic and cultural history, including the strong legacy of the early twentieth-century modernist art movement, has played a vital role in China's modernisation and presents itself as a unique case in the evolution of contemporary art in China. Lansheng Zhang is an art historian and academic, art curator, artist and designer. He has worked in these roles with universities, governments, international organisations, major art institutions in China, Australia, Japan and Europe. His main research interests are in modern and contemporary art and design, art histories and visual cultures in Asia especially in China. He was an Adjunct Professor at the RMIT University Melbourne, Associate Professor at the East China Normal University Shanghai, Senior Fellow at Lincoln University, UK, Visiting Fellow at the Australian National University, and recently a Research Fellow at the University of Sydney.


Book
Curious and Modern Inventions : Instrumental Music as Discovery in Galileo's Italy
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ISBN: 022631958X Year: 2016 Publisher: Chicago : University of Chicago Press,

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Early seventeenth-century Italy saw a revolution in instrumental music. Large, varied, and experimental, the new instrumental repertoire was crucial for the Western tradition-but until now, the impulses that gave rise to it had yet to be fully explored. Curious and Modern Inventions offers fresh insight into the motivating forces behind this music, tracing it to a new conception of instruments of all sorts-whether musical, artistic, or scientific-as vehicles of discovery. Rebecca Cypess shows that early modern thinkers were fascinated with instrumental technologies. The telescope, the clock, the pen, the lute-these were vital instruments for leading thinkers of the age, from Galileo Galilei to Giambattista Marino. No longer used merely to remake an object or repeat a process already known, instruments were increasingly seen as tools for open-ended inquiry that would lead to new knowledge. Engaging with themes from the history of science, literature, and the visual arts, this study reveals the intimate connections between instrumental music and the scientific and artisanal tools that served to mediate between individuals and the world around them.


Book
Regimens of the mind
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ISBN: 1283355159 9786613355157 0226116417 9780226116419 9781283355155 9780226116396 0226116395 Year: 2011 Publisher: Chicago London University of Chicago Press

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In Regimens of the Mind, Sorana Corneanu proposes a new approach to the epistemological and methodological doctrines of the leading experimental philosophers of seventeenth-century England, an approach that considers their often overlooked moral, psychological, and theological elements. Corneanu focuses on the views about the pursuit of knowledge in the writings of Robert Boyle and John Locke, as well as in those of several of their influences, including Francis Bacon and the early Royal Society virtuosi. She argues that their experimental programs of inquiry fulfill the role of regimens for curing, ordering, and educating the mind toward an ethical purpose, an idea she tracks back to the ancient tradition of cultura animi. Corneanu traces this idea through its early modern revival and illustrates how it organizes the experimental philosophers' reflections on the discipline of judgment, the study of nature, and the study of Scripture. It is through this lens, the author suggests, that the core features of the early modern English experimental philosophy-including its defense of experience, its epistemic modesty, its communal nature, and its pursuit of "objectivity"-are best understood.


Book
Newton the Alchemist : Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire"
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ISBN: 9780691174877 0691174873 0691185034 Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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"When Isaac Newton’s alchemical papers surfaced at a Sotheby’s auction in 1936, the quantity and seeming incoherence of the manuscripts were shocking. No longer the exemplar of Enlightenment rationality, the legendary physicist suddenly became “the last of the magicians.” Newton the Alchemist unlocks the secrets of Newton’s alchemical quest, providing a radically new understanding of the uncommon genius who probed nature at its deepest levels in pursuit of empirical knowledge. In this evocative and superbly written book, William Newman blends in-depth analysis of newly available texts with laboratory replications of Newton’s actual experiments in alchemy. He does not justify Newton’s alchemical research as part of a religious search for God in the physical world, nor does he argue that Newton studied alchemy to learn about gravitational attraction. Newman traces the evolution of Newton’s alchemical ideas and practices over a span of more than three decades, showing how they proved fruitful in diverse scientific fields. A precise experimenter in the realm of “chymistry,” Newton put the riddles of alchemy to the test in his lab. He also used ideas drawn from the alchemical texts to great effect in his optical experimentation. In his hands, alchemy was a tool for attaining the material benefits associated with the philosopher’s stone and an instrument for acquiring scientific knowledge of the most sophisticated kind. Newton the Alchemist provides rare insights into a man who was neither Enlightenment rationalist nor irrational magus, but rather an alchemist who sought through experiment and empiricism to alter nature at its very heart." -- Publisher's description.

Keywords

Alchemy --- Alchimie --- Science --- Science. --- Sciences --- Influence. --- History. --- Histoire. --- Newton, Isaac, --- Benedictine Basilius Valentinus. --- CU Add. 3973. --- Captain Hylliard. --- Eirenaeus Philalethes. --- Enlightenment. --- Epistola ad Theodorum Mundanum. --- Free Grammar School. --- Humores minerales. --- Hypothesis of Light. --- Isaac Newton. --- Johann de Monte-Snyders. --- Johann de Monte–Snyders. --- Keynes 35. --- Keynes 58. --- Keynes MS 58. --- Michael Sendivogius. --- Nicolas Fatio de Duillier. --- Nicolas Flamel. --- Of Natures obvious laws & processes in vegetation. --- Opera. --- Opticks. --- Philalethes. --- Praxis. --- Ramon Lull. --- Robert Boyle. --- Sendivogius. --- Three Mysterious Fires. --- Treatise of Chymistry. --- Trinity College. --- William Yworth. --- adept. --- alchemical text. --- alchemist. --- alchemists. --- alchemy. --- ancient mythology. --- antimonial sublimate. --- antimony. --- aurific art. --- biblical prophecy. --- caduceus of Mercury. --- chrysopoeia. --- chymical laboratory. --- chymical research. --- chymical studies. --- chymist. --- chymistry of light. --- chymistry. --- color theory. --- color. --- copper vitriol. --- education. --- empiricism. --- exegesis. --- experimental notebooks. --- experimental philosophy. --- florilegium style. --- florilegium. --- gold. --- laboratory notebooks. --- lead. --- lorilegia. --- metals. --- mining. --- natural world. --- nature. --- niter. --- optical experimentation. --- optical research. --- optics. --- our Venus. --- philosophers' stone. --- phlogiston theory. --- reason. --- refraction theory. --- refractive power. --- sal ammoniac. --- scientific collaboration. --- scientific knowledge. --- scythe of Saturn. --- sea salt. --- secret fire. --- sophic mercury. --- sophic sal ammoniac. --- sulfur. --- treatise. --- vegetability. --- History --- Knowledge --- Alchemy.


Book
Defining mental disorder : Jerome Wakefield and his critics
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780262362931 0262362937 9780262045643 0262045648 0262362783 9780262362788 Year: 2021 Publisher: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press,

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"Grapples with the legacy of Jerome Wakefield, one of the most influential critics of modern psychiatry and the use of the DSM for psychiatric diagnosis"--

Keywords

Psychiatry --- Mental ilness --- Mental illness --- Philosophy. --- Diagnosis. --- Wakefield, Jerome C. --- Psychology, Pathological --- Nosology --- Psychiatric diagnosis --- Psychodiagnostics --- disorder --- dysfunction --- harm --- Wakefield --- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM --- function --- Harmful Dysfunction Analysis --- Mental disorder --- Evolution --- DSM --- Critics --- Spitzer --- distress --- disability --- harmful consequence --- dysfunction requirement --- Experimental philosophy --- proper function --- Theories of mental disorder --- theory-neutral --- conceptual analysis --- armchair --- Pluralism --- intuitions --- Clinical practice --- concept of disorder --- Haslam --- constructs --- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder --- definition --- psychiatric classification --- Quine --- biological design --- naturally selected disorder --- environment mismatch --- Essentialism --- open concept --- construct validation --- latent variables --- imperfect community --- neo-empiricism --- decline in functioning --- Szasz --- network theory --- Stipulation --- meaning analysis --- abnormality --- Selected-effect --- causal-role --- Boorse --- descriptive --- natural kinds --- Cummins --- intuition --- Mechanistic explanation --- perspectival --- coherence --- Developmental mechanism --- developmental mismatch --- adaptation --- Evolutionary mismatch --- modal mismatch --- depression --- fever --- lactose intolerance --- Neander --- proximal-function --- distal function --- conduct disorder --- developmental disruption --- Low-level mechanisms --- salience system --- dopamine regulation --- aberrant valuation --- delusions --- adaptationism --- cognitive neuroscience --- mechanical-causal analysis --- belief fixation --- syndrome --- Autism --- modules --- ontogeny --- neurodiversity --- Reductionism --- naturalism --- Wittgenstein-Kripke paradox --- normative --- failure --- indeterminacy --- variation --- detrimental consequences --- individual values --- directindirect harm --- clinical significance criter --- Classification.


Book
Newton the Alchemist
Author:
ISBN: 0691185034 9780691185033 0691174873 9780691174877 Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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Abstract

"When Isaac Newton’s alchemical papers surfaced at a Sotheby’s auction in 1936, the quantity and seeming incoherence of the manuscripts were shocking. No longer the exemplar of Enlightenment rationality, the legendary physicist suddenly became “the last of the magicians.” Newton the Alchemist unlocks the secrets of Newton’s alchemical quest, providing a radically new understanding of the uncommon genius who probed nature at its deepest levels in pursuit of empirical knowledge. In this evocative and superbly written book, William Newman blends in-depth analysis of newly available texts with laboratory replications of Newton’s actual experiments in alchemy. He does not justify Newton’s alchemical research as part of a religious search for God in the physical world, nor does he argue that Newton studied alchemy to learn about gravitational attraction. Newman traces the evolution of Newton’s alchemical ideas and practices over a span of more than three decades, showing how they proved fruitful in diverse scientific fields. A precise experimenter in the realm of “chymistry,” Newton put the riddles of alchemy to the test in his lab. He also used ideas drawn from the alchemical texts to great effect in his optical experimentation. In his hands, alchemy was a tool for attaining the material benefits associated with the philosopher’s stone and an instrument for acquiring scientific knowledge of the most sophisticated kind. Newton the Alchemist provides rare insights into a man who was neither Enlightenment rationalist nor irrational magus, but rather an alchemist who sought through experiment and empiricism to alter nature at its very heart." -- Publisher's description.

Keywords

Alchemy --- Metals, Transmutation of --- Philosophers' egg --- Philosophers' stone --- Stone, Philosophers' --- Transmutation of metals --- Chemistry --- Occultism --- History --- Newton, Isaac, --- Newton, Izaak, --- Niu-tun, --- Nʹi︠u︡ton, Isaak, --- Niutun, Yisake, --- Niyu̇ton, Isak, --- Nyuṭon, Ayzaḳ, --- Nyuṭon, Ayziḳ, --- ניוטאן, אייזאק, --- ניוטון, אייזק --- ניוטון, אייזיק --- 牛頓, --- 牛頓, 伊萨克, --- Knowledge --- Alchemy. --- Benedictine Basilius Valentinus. --- CU Add. 3973. --- Captain Hylliard. --- Eirenaeus Philalethes. --- Enlightenment. --- Epistola ad Theodorum Mundanum. --- Free Grammar School. --- Humores minerales. --- Hypothesis of Light. --- Isaac Newton. --- Johann de Monte-Snyders. --- Johann de Monte–Snyders. --- Keynes 35. --- Keynes 58. --- Keynes MS 58. --- Michael Sendivogius. --- Nicolas Fatio de Duillier. --- Nicolas Flamel. --- Of Natures obvious laws & processes in vegetation. --- Opera. --- Opticks. --- Philalethes. --- Praxis. --- Ramon Lull. --- Robert Boyle. --- Sendivogius. --- Three Mysterious Fires. --- Treatise of Chymistry. --- Trinity College. --- William Yworth. --- adept. --- alchemical text. --- alchemist. --- alchemists. --- alchemy. --- ancient mythology. --- antimonial sublimate. --- antimony. --- aurific art. --- biblical prophecy. --- caduceus of Mercury. --- chrysopoeia. --- chymical laboratory. --- chymical research. --- chymical studies. --- chymist. --- chymistry of light. --- chymistry. --- color theory. --- color. --- copper vitriol. --- education. --- empiricism. --- exegesis. --- experimental notebooks. --- experimental philosophy. --- florilegium style. --- florilegium. --- gold. --- laboratory notebooks. --- lead. --- lorilegia. --- metals. --- mining. --- natural world. --- nature. --- niter. --- optical experimentation. --- optical research. --- optics. --- our Venus. --- philosophers' stone. --- phlogiston theory. --- reason. --- refraction theory. --- refractive power. --- sal ammoniac. --- scientific collaboration. --- scientific knowledge. --- scythe of Saturn. --- sea salt. --- secret fire. --- sophic mercury. --- sophic sal ammoniac. --- sulfur. --- treatise. --- vegetability.

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