Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The public expenditure management system is in a state of flux. Traditional approaches of expenditure management have serious limitations in addressing current and future tasks. The new approaches toward improved expenditure management, which emphasize the creation of task-oriented agencies, performance agreements, and competitive tendering and contracting, have considerable potential in meeting the tasks. But it is essential to address the detailed operational aspects of these new approaches so that they do not contribute to a shadow government or a government that continues to be weak in regard to contracts and third-party transactions.

Budgeting --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Expenditure control --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Central government spending --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Finance, Public --- New Zealand

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This technical note elaborates the objectives of commitment controls. The focus on commitment controls is justified on the grounds of their important role in developing an overall expenditure control framework, as well as controlling the accumulation of payment arrears. The note describes the preconditions for successful implementation of commitment controls. It elaborates the main institutional forms and operational arrangements of commitment controls. Implications for the IMF’s operational work and technical assistance are also discussed.

Budgeting --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Monetary economics --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Expenditure control --- Currencies --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Money --- Finance, Public

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

La acumulación de atrasos en el pago de los gastos públicos es uno de los problemas más comunes de la gestión financiera pública (GFP). En esta nota técnica se definen los atrasos del gasto y los diferentes tipos de atrasos que surgen. Se destaca el impacto económico de la acumulación crónica de atrasos del gasto. Se analizan las causas subyacentes y los mecanismos para evitar y controlar nuevas acumulaciones de atrasos. Por último, se presentan algunas estrategias para gestionar y regularizar los atrasos.

Accounting --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public finance accounting --- Arrears --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal accounting and reporting --- Expenditure control --- Debts, External --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Finance, Public --- Brazil

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

L'accumulation d’arriérés de dépenses publiques est l'un des problèmes les plus courants de la gestion des finances publiques (GFP). Cette note technique définit les arriérés de dépenses et leur typologie. Elle expose l'impact économique de l'accumulation d'arriérés de dépenses chroniques. Elle aborde les causes profondes des arriérés de dépenses et les mécanismes de prévention et de contrôle des arriérés de dépenses. Elle présente enfin des stratégies de gestion et de régularisation des arriérés de dépenses.

Accounting --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public finance accounting --- Arrears --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal accounting and reporting --- Expenditure control --- Debts, External --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Finance, Public --- Brazil

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper proposes that, to increase the efficiency of public spending in oil-rich economies, some or all of the oil revenues be transferred to citizens, and fiscal instruments such as taxation be used to finance public expenditures. The authors develop the case as follows. First, they confirm the well-known result that public-expenditure efficiency is lower in oil-rich countries compared with other developing countries. Second, they show that this efficiency gap is associated with differences in accountability to citizens of government's spending decisions. They find that various measures of accountability are systematically weaker in oil-rich countries. They attribute this difference to the fact that oil revenues typically accrue directly to the government, unlike tax revenues, which pass through the hands of citizens. Third, they show that, controlling for a number of factors, accountability is stronger in countries that rely more on direct taxation to finance public spending. They conclude that accountability, and hence public expenditure efficiency, can be increased by transferring oil revenues to citizens and then taxing them to finance public spending. The paper reviews existing schemes that redistribute oil revenues to the population, such as the Alaska Citizen Fund, to assess the feasibility of a modest proposal in African countries. The authors conclude that, while it may be difficult to implement such a proposal in existing oil producers, there is scope for introducing it in some of Africa's new oil producers.

Central government --- Debt Markets --- Expenditure control systems --- Expenditure Efficiency --- Expenditure per Capita --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Governance --- Macroeconomic stability --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Medium-term expenditure --- National Governance --- Policy recommendations --- Public budgets --- Public Expenditure --- Public expenditures --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Economics --- Public Sector Expenditure Policy --- Public spending --- Redistribution --- Revenue collection --- Subnational Economic Development --- Tax --- Tax administration --- Tax administration capacity --- Tax base --- Tax policy --- Tax revenues --- Taxation