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This monograph emphasizes the many facets of bacterial evolution as impacted by bacterial interactions with phages, as well as, to a lesser degree, the evolutionary impact of phages on other organisms, including other phages. The book starts with a general overview of bacteriophages. Topics discussed in detail include but are not limited to mutagenesis, migration, natural selection and genetic drift as the drivers of evolution as well as an extensive discussion from the author's unique perspective on phage ecology. .

General ecology and biosociology --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- virologie --- ecologie --- Bacteria --- Evolution. --- Bacteriòfags --- Evolució (Biologia)

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Human genome. --- Genomes --- Human chromosomes --- Genoma humà --- Evolució humana --- Evolució de l'home --- Antropologia física --- Evolució (Biologia) --- Psicologia genètica --- Sociobiologia --- Homínids fòssils --- Origen de l'home --- Psicologia evolucionista --- Cromosomes humans --- Genètica humana

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This book discusses how and why animals evolved into particular shapes. The book identifies the physical laws which decide over the evolutionary (selective) value of body shape and morphological characters. Comparing the mechanical necessities with morphological details, the author attempts to understand how evolution works, and which sorts of limitations are set by selection. The book explains morphological traits in more biomechanical detail without getting lost in physics, or in methods. Most emphasis is placed on the proximate question, namely the identification of the mechanical stresses which must be sustained by the respective body parts, when they move the body or its parts against resistance. In the first part of the book the focus is on 'primitive' animals and later on the emphasis shifts to highly specialized mammals. Readers will learn more about living and fossil animals. A section of the book is dedicated to human evolution but not to produce another evolutionary tree, nor to refine a former one, but to contribute to answering the question: "WHY early humans have developed their particular body shape".

Classical mechanics. Field theory --- General palaeontology --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- Zoology --- Human anatomy --- Human physiology --- anatomie --- fysiologie --- Europees recht --- evolutieleer --- zoölogie --- paleontologie --- mechanica --- Animal mechanics. --- Mecànica animal --- Evolució (Biologia) --- Adaptació animal

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Genetic effects are the core concepts from which quantitative genetics and the evolutionary synthesis emerged. The groundbreaking theory of genetic effects was first proposed over a century ago. This book revises that theory, both conceptually and mathematically, and brings it up-to-date. The theory here compiled is supplemented with non-previously-published developments covering the broadest spectrum of simultaneously multiallelic and multilocus architectures with autosomal and sex-linked loci Arbitrary interactions (dominance, gene-gene, gene-environment, gene-sex, and parent-of-origin interactions) are accounted for Both effects of allele substitutions from the reference of individual genotypes and in the context of populations are worked out Populations are considered regardless of any departures from equilibrium frequencies (including both departures from Hardy-Weinberg, departures from linkage equilibrium, and non-random associations between/among genes and environments) All developments are derived under the same mathematical framework, so that transformations of genetic effects between different contexts are easily allowed In brief, this book enables novel applications to current empirical paradigms (like gene-mapping and genomic prediction) while adhering to the classical conceptualization of genetic effects and variance decomposition that let quantitative genetics and the evolutionary synthesis flourish. All relevant concepts are carefully clarified and discussed from a historical perspective. The theoretical developments presented in the book are illustrated by built-in cases and applications with real data. Reassuringly, the adequacy of the theory here presented is corroborated based on the fundamentals of model development.

Evolutionary genetics. --- Biomathematics. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Ecological genetics. --- Population genetics. --- Evolutionary Genetics. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Ecological Genetics. --- Population Genetics. --- Evolutionary Theory. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Genètica ecològica --- Genètica ecològica. --- Evolució (Biologia) --- Genètica evolutiva.

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This book describes the developmental process of the brain of the medaka fish. It aims to understand the brain structure of vertebrates, including humans, by taking the brain of the medaka fish as an example and showing its actual developmental process. From developmental and evolutionary viewpoints, the understanding of the brain proceeds from simple to complex structures. Fish retain the basic form of vertebrates, and their brain morphology is relatively simple. Therefore, the fish brain is useful in understanding the brain structure. This book is unique for describing the entire process of the brain development in a specific fish. In addition, the book introduces the readers to a new concept of “Hourglass of Brain Morphogenesis”, concerning the general rule of brain morphogenesis in vertebrates. The authors propose that the brain morphology is highly conserved at the middle developmental stage but diverges more extensively at earlier and later stages. The new concept challenges the accepted theory that has been widely shared for about 200 years since K. von Baer (1828, 1837) and K. von Kupffer (1906) who proposed that three primary brain vesicles at earlier developmental stages develop into five secondary brain vesicles at later developmental stages in all vertebrates. The book provides a basic understanding of the vertebrate brain and is useful for all readers who wish to understand the complex structure of the brain. .

Brain --- Evolution. --- Growth. --- Neurosciences. --- Life sciences. --- Biology --- Evolution (Biology). --- Neuroscience. --- Life Sciences. --- Experimental Organisms. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Technique. --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Peixos d'aquari --- Evolució (Biologia)