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Increasing global physical activity levels is one of the most important public health goals of the 21st century. Physically active individuals present better sleep patterns, increased wellbeing and quality of life, as well as better physical function and fitness levels. In addition, physical activity might stimulate brain function and improve both cognition and mental health. The risk of many chronic diseases is also reduced in physically active individuals, and physical activity might counteract the detrimental metabolic effects of long sedentary periods. Physical fitness is not only a key marker of health in healthy individuals, but in people with chronic conditions. Compelling evidence indicates that low levels of both cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and premature mortality for a variety of causes, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Consequently, preserving fitness levels throughout life is a major clinical and public health interest. Exercise interventions represent the most efficient form of physical activity to enhance physical fitness and improve health outcomes at all ages and chronic statuses. However, exercise prescription in many populations is underdeveloped and further insights are needed for practitioners and the research community to understand how exercise should be administered, depending on the health and clinical status of different populations. This Special Issue focuses on the influence of fitness and physical activity and the effects of exercise interventions on human health- and disease-related outcomes. This includes, but is not restricted to, the following article types: Observational studies assessing the association of physical fitness (alone or in combination with other risks/protective factors) with health- and disease-related outcomes. Observational studies assessing the association of physical activity (alone or in combination with other lifestyle behaviors) with health- and disease-related outcomes. This includes studies assessing physical activity through either objective or subjective means. Experimental studies assessing the effects of exercise interventions (alone or in combination with other interventions) on health- and disease-related outcomes across the lifespan. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the above-mentioned topics are also welcome.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- cardiac rehabilitation --- cardiovascular diseases --- smoking --- weight gain --- university staff --- health-related physical fitness --- cardiovascular disease --- overweight --- obesity --- autonomic nervous system --- exercise --- inflammation --- fatigue --- rheumatic disease --- internally displaced persons --- African circle dance --- stress --- anxiety --- depressive symptoms --- dynamometer --- core muscles --- trunk strength testing --- reference data --- peak torque --- aging --- physical aptitude --- mental health --- cognition --- systematic review --- body mass index --- fitness --- executive control --- event-related potential --- autoimmune disease --- cardiovascular risk --- muscle strength --- metabolism --- lupus --- risk factors --- cancer --- QOL --- martial arts --- clinical trial --- meta-analysis --- physical fitness --- construct validity --- schoolchildren --- chronic low back pain --- exercise therapy --- high intensity training

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Neuropathology --- Semiology. Diagnosis. Symptomatology --- Electroencephalography. --- Evoked Potentials. --- Monitoring, Physiologic. --- Electroencephalography --- Patient monitoring --- Monitoring (Hospital care) --- Monitoring, Patient --- Monitoring, Physiological --- Physiological monitoring --- Critical care medicine --- Diagnosis --- Vital signs --- EEG --- Encephalography --- Brain --- Electrodiagnosis --- Electrophysiology --- Visual evoked response --- Physiologic Monitoring --- Patient Monitoring --- Physiological Monitoring --- N1 Wave --- N100 Evoked Potentials --- N2 Wave --- N200 Evoked Potentials --- N3 Wave --- N300 Evoked Potentials --- N4 Wave --- N400 Evoked Potentials --- P2 Wave --- P200 Evoked Potentials --- P50 Evoked Potentials --- P50 Wave --- P600 Evoked Potentials --- Potentials, Event-Related --- Event-Related Potentials --- Event Related Potentials --- Event-Related Potential --- Evoked Potential --- Evoked Potential, N100 --- Evoked Potential, N200 --- Evoked Potential, N300 --- Evoked Potential, N400 --- Evoked Potential, P200 --- Evoked Potential, P50 --- Evoked Potential, P600 --- Evoked Potentials, N100 --- Evoked Potentials, N200 --- Evoked Potentials, N300 --- Evoked Potentials, N400 --- Evoked Potentials, P200 --- Evoked Potentials, P50 --- Evoked Potentials, P600 --- N1 Waves --- N100 Evoked Potential --- N2 Waves --- N200 Evoked Potential --- N3 Waves --- N300 Evoked Potential --- N4 Waves --- N400 Evoked Potential --- P2 Waves --- P200 Evoked Potential --- P50 Evoked Potential --- P50 Waves --- P600 Evoked Potential --- Potential, Event-Related --- Potential, Evoked --- Potentials, Event Related --- Potentials, Evoked --- Potentials, N400 Evoked --- Wave, N1 --- Wave, N2 --- Wave, N3 --- Wave, N4 --- Wave, P2 --- Wave, P50 --- Waves, N1 --- Waves, N2 --- Waves, N3 --- Waves, N4 --- Waves, P2 --- Waves, P50 --- Cortical Synchronization --- Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization --- Electroencephalogram --- Electroencephalograms --- Cerebral Cortex --- Diseases --- Patient monitoring. --- Event Related Potential --- Potential, Event Related --- Related Potential, Event --- Related Potentials, Event --- Evoked Potentials --- Monitoring, Physiologic

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The Identification of the Genetic Components of Autism Spectrum Disorders 2020 will be a useful resource for laboratory and clinical scientists, translational-based researchers, primary healthcare providers and physicians, psychologists/psychiatrists, neurologists, developmental pediatricians, clinical geneticists, teachers, special educators, and caregivers involved with individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with the goal to translate information directly to the clinical, education and home settings. Other professionals, students at all levels, and families who are interested in this important neurodevelopmental disorder will find this textbook of value by obtaining a better awareness of the causes, testing, and understanding of genetic components leading to autism, and research that may open avenues for treatment with new approaches. This textbook includes nine chapters divided into three sections (clinical, genetics, other) written by experts in the field dedicated to genetics research and clinical care, description, and treatment by generating reviews for ASD and related disorders. These chapters include information on discoveries, risk factors, causation, diagnosis, treatment, and phenotyping with characterization of genomic or genetic factors and the environment, as genetics play an important role in up to 90% of individuals with autism via over 800 currently recognized genes.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Genetics (non-medical) --- autism --- ASD --- genetics --- heterogeneity --- syndromes --- assessment --- medications --- treatment --- causes --- autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) --- proteomics --- metabolomics --- interactomics --- disease biomarkers --- clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) --- phenotypic subgroups stratified by ASD severity --- simplex families --- DNA methylation --- subgroup-associated genes and biological functions --- Broader Autism Phenotype --- genetic --- autism spectrum disorder --- multiplex family --- genetic factors --- epigenetic factors --- environmental factors --- pervasive developmental disorder --- post-synaptic density --- CNV --- SNP --- gene fusion --- CACNA1C --- CaV1.2 --- short QT syndrome --- dental enamel defect --- bioinformatics --- human genetics --- pharmacogenomics --- 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion --- Burnside-Butler syndrome --- clinical findings --- cognition --- neuropsychiatric behavior development --- genomic characterization --- exome sequencing --- protein–protein interaction --- 22q13.3 duplication --- auditory steady-state response --- ASSR --- SHANK3 --- biomarker --- auditory event-related potential --- ERP --- autism spectrum disorders --- intellectual disabilities --- autism --- ASD --- genetics --- heterogeneity --- syndromes --- assessment --- medications --- treatment --- causes --- autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) --- proteomics --- metabolomics --- interactomics --- disease biomarkers --- clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) --- phenotypic subgroups stratified by ASD severity --- simplex families --- DNA methylation --- subgroup-associated genes and biological functions --- Broader Autism Phenotype --- genetic --- autism spectrum disorder --- multiplex family --- genetic factors --- epigenetic factors --- environmental factors --- pervasive developmental disorder --- post-synaptic density --- CNV --- SNP --- gene fusion --- CACNA1C --- CaV1.2 --- short QT syndrome --- dental enamel defect --- bioinformatics --- human genetics --- pharmacogenomics --- 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion --- Burnside-Butler syndrome --- clinical findings --- cognition --- neuropsychiatric behavior development --- genomic characterization --- exome sequencing --- protein–protein interaction --- 22q13.3 duplication --- auditory steady-state response --- ASSR --- SHANK3 --- biomarker --- auditory event-related potential --- ERP --- autism spectrum disorders --- intellectual disabilities

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The Identification of the Genetic Components of Autism Spectrum Disorders 2020 will be a useful resource for laboratory and clinical scientists, translational-based researchers, primary healthcare providers and physicians, psychologists/psychiatrists, neurologists, developmental pediatricians, clinical geneticists, teachers, special educators, and caregivers involved with individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with the goal to translate information directly to the clinical, education and home settings. Other professionals, students at all levels, and families who are interested in this important neurodevelopmental disorder will find this textbook of value by obtaining a better awareness of the causes, testing, and understanding of genetic components leading to autism, and research that may open avenues for treatment with new approaches. This textbook includes nine chapters divided into three sections (clinical, genetics, other) written by experts in the field dedicated to genetics research and clinical care, description, and treatment by generating reviews for ASD and related disorders. These chapters include information on discoveries, risk factors, causation, diagnosis, treatment, and phenotyping with characterization of genomic or genetic factors and the environment, as genetics play an important role in up to 90% of individuals with autism via over 800 currently recognized genes.

autism --- ASD --- genetics --- heterogeneity --- syndromes --- assessment --- medications --- treatment --- causes --- autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) --- proteomics --- metabolomics --- interactomics --- disease biomarkers --- clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) --- phenotypic subgroups stratified by ASD severity --- simplex families --- DNA methylation --- subgroup-associated genes and biological functions --- Broader Autism Phenotype --- genetic --- autism spectrum disorder --- multiplex family --- genetic factors --- epigenetic factors --- environmental factors --- pervasive developmental disorder --- post-synaptic density --- CNV --- SNP --- gene fusion --- CACNA1C --- CaV1.2 --- short QT syndrome --- dental enamel defect --- bioinformatics --- human genetics --- pharmacogenomics --- 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion --- Burnside-Butler syndrome --- clinical findings --- cognition --- neuropsychiatric behavior development --- genomic characterization --- exome sequencing --- protein–protein interaction --- 22q13.3 duplication --- auditory steady-state response --- ASSR --- SHANK3 --- biomarker --- auditory event-related potential --- ERP --- autism spectrum disorders --- intellectual disabilities

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The book begins with an introductory chapter discussing the significance of EEG signal analysis and processing and provides some simple examples. A useful theoretical and mathematical background for analysis and processing of the EEG signals is developed within the next chapter and the mathematical tools to be applied in the rest of the book are covered. Impressions from the EEG are next discussed, including normal and abnormal EEGs and the neurological symptoms diagnosed. The representations of the EEGs are illustrated, showing EEGs in various domains together with two-dimensional maps of the brain. Theoretical approaches in EEG modeling are reviewed, such as restoration, enhancement, segmentation, and the removal of different internal and external artifacts from the EEG and ERP signals. The following chapters review seizure detection and prediction, including chaotic behavior of the EEG sources. Symptoms for a number of well-known illnesses such as dementia, schizophrenia, and Alzheimers diseases found from the EEG and ERPs are explained. The concluding chapters review the monitoring and diagnosis of stages of psychiatric disorders using noninvasive techniques such as from the EEG/ERP, and a number of high potential future topics for research in the area of EEG signal processing are discussed. (Publisher).

Electroencephalography --- Evoked Potentials --- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted --- Signal processing --- Electroencéphalographie --- Traitement du signal --- methods --- Electroencephalography. --- Signal processing. --- Evoked Potentials. --- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted. --- methods. --- Methods. --- Electroencéphalographie --- Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology) --- Electroencephalogram --- EEG --- Electroencephalograms --- Cerebral Cortex --- N1 Wave --- N100 Evoked Potentials --- N2 Wave --- N200 Evoked Potentials --- N3 Wave --- N300 Evoked Potentials --- N4 Wave --- N400 Evoked Potentials --- P2 Wave --- P200 Evoked Potentials --- P50 Evoked Potentials --- P50 Wave --- P600 Evoked Potentials --- Potentials, Event-Related --- Event Related Potential --- Event-Related Potentials --- Evoked Potential --- N100 Evoked Potential --- P50 Evoked Potential --- Event Related Potentials --- Event-Related Potential --- Evoked Potential, N100 --- Evoked Potential, N200 --- Evoked Potential, N300 --- Evoked Potential, N400 --- Evoked Potential, P200 --- Evoked Potential, P50 --- Evoked Potential, P600 --- Evoked Potentials, N100 --- Evoked Potentials, N200 --- Evoked Potentials, N300 --- Evoked Potentials, N400 --- Evoked Potentials, P200 --- Evoked Potentials, P50 --- Evoked Potentials, P600 --- N1 Waves --- N2 Waves --- N200 Evoked Potential --- N3 Waves --- N300 Evoked Potential --- N4 Waves --- N400 Evoked Potential --- P2 Waves --- P200 Evoked Potential --- P50 Waves --- P600 Evoked Potential --- Potential, Event Related --- Potential, Event-Related --- Potential, Evoked --- Potentials, Event Related --- Potentials, Evoked --- Potentials, N400 Evoked --- Related Potential, Event --- Related Potentials, Event --- Wave, N1 --- Wave, N2 --- Wave, N3 --- Wave, N4 --- Wave, P2 --- Wave, P50 --- Waves, N1 --- Waves, N2 --- Waves, N3 --- Waves, N4 --- Waves, P2 --- Waves, P50 --- Cortical Synchronization --- Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization --- Digital Signal Processing --- Signal Interpretation, Computer-Assisted --- Signal Processing, Digital --- Computer-Assisted Signal Interpretation --- Computer-Assisted Signal Interpretations --- Computer-Assisted Signal Processing --- Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Signal --- Interpretations, Computer-Assisted Signal --- Signal Interpretation, Computer Assisted --- Signal Interpretations, Computer-Assisted --- Signal Processing, Computer Assisted --- Fetal Monitoring --- Monitoring, Physiologic --- Data Compression --- Cortical evoked potentials --- Event-related brain potentials --- Event-related potentials (Electrophysiology) --- Evoked cortical potentials --- Electrophysiology --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Encephalography --- Brain --- Electrodiagnosis --- Visual evoked response --- Diseases --- Diagnosis