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The year 2019 saw the centenary of Eddington's eclipse expeditions and the corroboration of Einstein's general relativity by gravitational lensing. To mark the occasion, a Special Issue of Universe has been dedicated to the theoretical aspects of strong gravitational lensing. The articles assembled in this volume contain original research and reviews and apply a variety of mathematical techniques that have been developed to study this effect, both in 3-space and in spacetime. These include: · Mathematical properties of the standard thin lens approximation, in particular caustics; · Optical geometry, the Gauss–Bonnet method and related approaches; · Lensing in the spacetime of general relativity and modified theories; black hole shadows.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- gravitational lensing --- weak deflection --- dark matter --- Gauss–Bonnet theorem --- black hole --- wormhole --- strong gravitational lensing --- magnification cross sections --- caustics --- gravitational lens --- general relativity --- ultralight particles --- black hole shadow --- event horizon telescope --- rotating black hole --- global monopole --- perfect fluid --- scalar field --- shadows --- black holes --- wormholes --- galaxies --- gravitational lensing --- weak deflection --- dark matter --- Gauss–Bonnet theorem --- black hole --- wormhole --- strong gravitational lensing --- magnification cross sections --- caustics --- gravitational lens --- general relativity --- ultralight particles --- black hole shadow --- event horizon telescope --- rotating black hole --- global monopole --- perfect fluid --- scalar field --- shadows --- black holes --- wormholes --- galaxies

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A pocket-style edition distilled from the New York Times bestsellerAwaiting you in this breezy book is a whirlwind tour through the cosmos-a journey of exploration to other planets, stars, and galaxies, and from black holes to time loops. With acclaimed astrophysicists Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michael A. Strauss, and J. Richard Gott at your side, here you will find a brief and yet breathtaking introduction to the universe, which will help you in your quest to understand how the cosmos actually works.A Brief Welcome to the Universe propels you from our home solar system to the outermost frontiers of space, building your cosmic insight and perspective through a marvelously entertaining narrative. How do stars live and die? What are the prospects of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? How did the universe begin? Why is it expanding and accelerating in the process? Is our universe alone or part of an infinite multiverse? Exploring these and many other questions, this pocket-friendly book is your passport into the wonders of our evolving cosmos.

Astrophysics --- Cosmology --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Accelerating expansion of the universe. --- Accretion (astrophysics). --- Alpha particle. --- Andromeda Galaxy. --- Angular diameter. --- Astrobiology. --- Astrophysics. --- Atomic nucleus. --- Barred spiral galaxy. --- Big Bang. --- Calculation. --- Chemical element. --- Chronology of the universe. --- Circumference. --- Copernican principle. --- Cosmic Background Explorer. --- Cosmic microwave background. --- Cosmic string. --- Cosmogony. --- Dark energy. --- De Sitter space. --- Deuterium. --- Dimension. --- Earth. --- Einstein field equations. --- Elementary particle. --- Elliptic orbit. --- Energy density. --- Event horizon. --- Exoplanet. --- Extraterrestrial life. --- Galactic Center. --- Galactic year. --- Galaxy cluster. --- Googol. --- Gravitational wave. --- Gravity. --- Hawking radiation. --- Hubble Space Telescope. --- Hubble's law. --- Inflation (cosmology). --- Interstellar medium. --- Irregular galaxy. --- Jim Peebles. --- Jupiter. --- Kepler (spacecraft). --- Kuiper belt. --- Light-year. --- Longevity. --- Luminosity. --- Main sequence. --- Measurement. --- Metric expansion of space. --- Milky Way. --- Molecule. --- Neutron star. --- Neutron. --- Newton's law of universal gravitation. --- Nitrogen. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Nuclear reaction. --- Observable universe. --- Orion Nebula. --- Photon. --- Physicist. --- Planck (spacecraft). --- Planetary habitability. --- Planetary nebula. --- Positron. --- Prediction. --- Pressure. --- Quantity. --- Quantum tunnelling. --- Quasar. --- Real Humans. --- Red giant. --- Result. --- Satellite galaxy. --- Saturn. --- Shape of the universe. --- Solar System. --- Solar mass. --- Spacecraft. --- Spiral galaxy. --- Star. --- Supernova. --- Temperature. --- The Astrophysical Journal. --- The Pluto Files. --- Thermal radiation. --- Universe Today. --- Universe. --- Uranus. --- Vacuum energy. --- Vacuum state. --- Wavelength. --- Weakly interacting massive particles. --- Welcome to the Universe. --- White dwarf. --- Year. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Astrophysics --- SCIENCE / Physics / General

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High-energy astrophysics involves the study of exceedingly dynamic and energetic phenomena occurring near the most extreme celestial objects known to exist, such as black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, and supernova remnants. High-Energy Astrophysics provides graduate and advanced undergraduate students with the most complete, self-contained introduction to the subject available. This textbook covers all the essentials, weaving together the latest theory with the experimental techniques, instrumentation, and observational methods astronomers use to study high-energy radiation from space. Fulvio Melia introduces topics at the forefront of today's research, including relativistic particles, energetic radiation, and accretion disk theory. No other textbook offers such a thorough yet concise treatment of the key aspects of high-energy astrophysics--both theoretical and observational--or delves as deeply into modern detection techniques, satellite systems, and analytical and numerical modeling used by theoreticians. Amply illustrated, High-Energy Astrophysics is also ideal for researchers interested in the application of fundamental physical laws to understand how matter and radiation behave in regions of the universe where physical conditions are most extreme.Uniquely weaves together the theoretical and experimental aspects of this important branch of astronomy Features stunning images of the high-energy sky Fully describes the principal classes of high-energy sources, with an in-depth study of many archetypal objects within them Provides an excellent, self-contained resource for the classroom, written by a preeminent researcher and teacher in the field

Nuclear astrophysics. --- Astrophysics. --- Astrophysics --- Nuclear physics --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Acceleration. --- Accretion (astrophysics). --- Accretion disk. --- Active galactic nucleus. --- Amplitude. --- Angular momentum. --- Annihilation. --- Apsis. --- Arbitrarily large. --- BL Lac object. --- Bell's theorem. --- Binary star. --- Black hole. --- Boundary layer. --- Bremsstrahlung. --- Circular orbit. --- Classical mechanics. --- Classical physics. --- Compact star. --- Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. --- Compton scattering. --- Concept. --- Conceptual framework. --- Conjecture. --- Cosmic ray. --- Cygnus A. --- Cygnus X-1. --- Database. --- Dissipation. --- Doppler effect. --- Effective temperature. --- Emissivity. --- Event horizon. --- Four-dimensional space. --- Four-vector. --- Galactic Center. --- Galactic plane. --- Galaxy cluster. --- Gamma-ray burst. --- Gravitational energy. --- Initial condition. --- Instability. --- Interstellar medium. --- Intracluster medium. --- Luminosity function (astronomy). --- Magnetic field. --- Massive particle. --- Measurement. --- Milky Way. --- Minute and second of arc. --- Molecular cloud. --- Molecule. --- Neutron star. --- Nuclear reaction. --- Ontology. --- Optical depth. --- Orbital period. --- Particle physics. --- Phenomenon. --- Photon. --- Physical law. --- Physical quantity. --- Physicist. --- Pierre Auger Observatory. --- Pilot wave. --- Polytropic process. --- Positron. --- Power law. --- Prediction. --- Probability. --- Quantity. --- Quantum decoherence. --- Quantum mechanics. --- Quasar. --- ROSAT. --- Radiative cooling. --- Radiative flux. --- Roche lobe. --- Scattering. --- Spaceflight. --- Special relativity. --- Star. --- Supermassive black hole. --- Supernova. --- Synchrotron. --- Temperature. --- Theorem. --- Theory of relativity. --- Theory. --- Thin disk. --- Time dilation. --- Transonic. --- Virgo Cluster. --- Viscosity. --- Wave function. --- Wavelength. --- White dwarf. --- X-ray. --- XMM-Newton.