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A l’échelle européenne, l’entomofaune pollinisatrice souffre des externalités négatives de la seconde révolution agricole, notamment par l’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires et par la diminution drastique tant en abondance qu’en diversité, des ressources mellifères. Cette diminution liée à l’homogénéisation du paysage peut être considérée comme extrêmement préoccupante. La Wallonie n’est pas épargnée et plus de 25% des plantes supérieures sont considérées comme menacées à très menacées. Afin d’envisager des gestions de l’environnement adaptées à l’entomofaune pollinisatrice, telle que la mise en place de programmes de restauration et de conservation visant une ressource nectarifère continue, il est primordial de pouvoir quantifier la ressource mellifère à l’échelle du paysage. Alors que la quantification manuelle est chronophage et ne permet d’échantillonner qu’une faible proportion de la zone étudiée, ce travail de fin d’études présente une méthode de quantification des ressources mellifères à l’échelle du paysage via des moyens de télédétection. Il est démontré dans ce travail qu’il est possible, par l’élaboration d’indices de discrimination issus du traitement d’images aériennes acquises par drone et dotées d’une résolution de 3 cm, de mettre en évidence et de quantifier les floraisons des principales essences mellifères de Wallonie en phénosaison vernale (colza, saules, pissenlits, fruitiers, merisiers, aubépines). La zone d’étude se compose de 3 zones de 2 kms de rayon autour de ruchers expérimentaux situés à Lonzée, Grand-Manil et Corroy-le-Château. Grâce aux travaux de Baude et. al (2016), la ressource nectarifère des classes de paysage échantillonnées est estimée en multipliant le nombre d’unités florales d’une essence recensée (dans la classe échantillonnée) par sa production nectarifère propre. Ensuite, la ressource de la zone d’étude peut être estimée par extrapolation. Les gestionnaires de l’environnement, les chercheurs en biodiversité ou encore les apiculteurs pourront utiliser la méthodologie de quantification nectarifère développée dans ce travail comme outil d’aide à la décision. Dans ce travail, des données cohérentes de production sont obtenues pour les vergers, les prairies et les champs de colza. Sur une période de 6 semaines, ces productions nectarifères du paysage sont ensuite mises en relation selon un pas de temps hebdomadaire, avec différentes variables mesurées sur les 3 ruchers : • Le gain horaire moyen en nectar et en pollen, déterminé à partir de données de poids acquises à intervalles réguliers de 30 minutes VI • La diversité des rentrées en pollen • La mortalité moyenne • L’infestation moyenne au varroa Afin de tenir compte du développement des colonies d’abeilles, ces variables sont standardisées pour une quantité de 15 000 butineuses et prélevées au départ d’enregistrements effectués pour des journées durant lesquelles les conditions météorologiques sont similaires. Le nombre d’abeilles butineuses sortant chaque matin de la ruche est déterminé par l’analyse de la dérivée temporelle de la courbe du poids de cette ruche. Les résultats de la comparaison mettent en évidence plusieurs relations, notamment entre les gains en pollen et la production nectarifère des classes « verger » et « prairie » du rucher « moyen », ce qui permettrait de supposer qu’il existe un lien entre la quantification des ressources florales réalisée par télédétection et la ressource florale réellement présente sur le terrain. De plus, certaines relations peuvent être supposées entre la production de nectar du colza et des vergers avec les traits biologiques des colonies d’abeilles Apis mellifera L., notamment en ce qui concerne le nombre de butineuses et la mortalité larvaire des colonies.
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Accident Prevention. --- Environmental Exposure. --- Evaluation Studies as Topic. --- Models, Theoretical. --- Critique --- Evaluation --- Evaluation Indexes --- Evaluation Methodology --- Evaluation Report --- Evaluation Research --- Methodology, Evaluation --- Pre-Post Tests --- Qualitative Evaluation --- Quantitative Evaluation --- Theoretical Effectiveness --- Use-Effectiveness --- Critiques --- Effectiveness, Theoretical --- Evaluation Methodologies --- Evaluation Reports --- Evaluation, Qualitative --- Evaluation, Quantitative --- Evaluations --- Evaluations, Qualitative --- Evaluations, Quantitative --- Indexes, Evaluation --- Methodologies, Evaluation --- Pre Post Tests --- Pre-Post Test --- Qualitative Evaluations --- Quantitative Evaluations --- Report, Evaluation --- Reports, Evaluation --- Research, Evaluation --- Test, Pre-Post --- Tests, Pre-Post --- Use Effectiveness --- Exposure, Environmental --- Environmental Exposures --- Exposures, Environmental --- Prevention, Accident --- Accident Preventions --- Preventions, Accident --- Accidents --- prevention & control --- Sentinel Species --- Experimental Model --- Experimental Models --- Mathematical Model --- Model, Experimental --- Models (Theoretical) --- Models, Experimental --- Models, Theoretic --- Theoretical Study --- Mathematical Models --- Model (Theoretical) --- Model, Mathematical --- Model, Theoretical --- Models, Mathematical --- Studies, Theoretical --- Study, Theoretical --- Theoretical Model --- Theoretical Models --- Theoretical Studies --- Computer Simulation --- Systems Theory --- Accident Prevention --- Environmental Exposure --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- Models, Theoretical --- Ecology. --- Radioelements
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Evaluation Studies as Topic. --- Geriatrics --- Long-Term Care --- 796.012 --- 796.012 Movement and motor functions: tests and measurement --- Movement and motor functions: tests and measurement --- Critique --- Evaluation --- Evaluation Indexes --- Evaluation Methodology --- Evaluation Report --- Evaluation Research --- Methodology, Evaluation --- Pre-Post Tests --- Qualitative Evaluation --- Quantitative Evaluation --- Theoretical Effectiveness --- Use-Effectiveness --- Critiques --- Effectiveness, Theoretical --- Evaluation Methodologies --- Evaluation Reports --- Evaluation, Qualitative --- Evaluation, Quantitative --- Evaluations --- Evaluations, Qualitative --- Evaluations, Quantitative --- Indexes, Evaluation --- Methodologies, Evaluation --- Pre Post Tests --- Pre-Post Test --- Qualitative Evaluations --- Quantitative Evaluations --- Report, Evaluation --- Reports, Evaluation --- Research, Evaluation --- Test, Pre-Post --- Tests, Pre-Post --- Use Effectiveness --- methods. --- Gerontology --- Nursing home care --- Older people --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Old age --- Social sciences --- Health and hygiene --- Long-term care&delete& --- Medical care --- methods --- Long-term care
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Carcinogenese -- Testen --- Carcinogenese -- Tests --- Carcinogenicity testing --- Determination de la mutagenicite --- Mutagenicity testing --- Mutageniteitsbepaling --- Carcinogens --- Mutagens --- Mutagenicity Tests --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- analysis --- Biological Assay. --- Carcinogenicity Tests. --- Evaluation Studies as Topic. --- Mutagenicity Tests. --- 576.385.5 --- .001.4 --- $?$91/02 --- Kanker --- Tests, Genetic Toxicity --- Toxicity Tests, Genetic --- Genetic Toxicity Tests --- Genotoxicity Tests --- Mutagen Screening --- Genetic Toxicity Test --- Genotoxicity Test --- Mutagen Screenings --- Mutagenicity Test --- Screening, Mutagen --- Screenings, Mutagen --- Test, Genotoxicity --- Tests, Genotoxicity --- Toxicity Test, Genetic --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- Critique --- Evaluation --- Evaluation Indexes --- Evaluation Methodology --- Evaluation Report --- Evaluation Research --- Methodology, Evaluation --- Pre-Post Tests --- Qualitative Evaluation --- Quantitative Evaluation --- Theoretical Effectiveness --- Use-Effectiveness --- Critiques --- Effectiveness, Theoretical --- Evaluation Methodologies --- Evaluation Reports --- Evaluation, Qualitative --- Evaluation, Quantitative --- Evaluations --- Evaluations, Qualitative --- Evaluations, Quantitative --- Indexes, Evaluation --- Methodologies, Evaluation --- Pre Post Tests --- Pre-Post Test --- Qualitative Evaluations --- Quantitative Evaluations --- Report, Evaluation --- Reports, Evaluation --- Research, Evaluation --- Test, Pre-Post --- Tests, Pre-Post --- Use Effectiveness --- Carcinogen Tests --- Carcinogenesis Tests --- Carcinogenic Activity Tests --- Carcinogenic Potency Tests --- Tumorigenicity Tests --- Carcinogen Test --- Carcinogenesis Test --- Carcinogenic Activity Test --- Carcinogenic Potency Test --- Carcinogenicity Test --- Potency Test, Carcinogenic --- Potency Tests, Carcinogenic --- Test, Carcinogen --- Test, Carcinogenesis --- Test, Carcinogenic Activity --- Test, Carcinogenic Potency --- Test, Carcinogenicity --- Test, Tumorigenicity --- Tests, Carcinogen --- Tests, Carcinogenesis --- Tests, Carcinogenic Activity --- Tests, Carcinogenic Potency --- Tests, Carcinogenicity --- Tests, Tumorigenicity --- Tumorigenicity Test --- Assay, Biological --- Assays, Biological --- Biologic Assay --- Biologic Assays --- Bioassay --- Assay, Biologic --- Assays, Biologic --- Bioassays --- Biological Assays --- Cancer --- Biological Assay
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