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European federation --- European federation. --- Federation of Europe --- Pan Europa movement --- Paneuropean federation --- United States of Europe (Proposed) --- European law --- European economy --- communication --- European integration --- globalization --- public administration --- Politics and government --- Federal government --- Regionalism (International organization) --- european law --- european economy --- european integration

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This is an open access book which focuses on different aspects of education, employment, and successful integration of migrants in three countries: Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. The chapters in this book reflect on these issues from micro, meso and macro perspectives; some are based on interviews with migrants and people who work with them, others on documents and literature about migration. There are different pathways for skilled migrants to vocations. Some start working in their previous vocations after arriving in the new environment. Some re-enter their professions but on a lower level. Some can re-train themselves in a new vocation, and some will go to further education, as studies in different chapters of this book suggest. Common for successful integration seems to be several intertwined factors: the target language competence, strong motivation and agency, supporting networks and supporting persons, as well as structural opportunities of the new environment. The book’s editorial board takes an eclectic view, hoping to start an academic debate about what ‘successful integration’ means. While discussions about the integration of migrants tend to focus on integration failures, there are millions of migrants, in different countries, who have successfully integrated into their new societies.

Immigrants. --- Competence of immigrants --- Democratic social party --- Discounting immigrants --- Ethnic penalty --- European economy --- Evaluation of immigrants' skills --- Female immigrants --- First and second generation immigrants --- Global migration and integration --- Highly skilled immigrants --- Immigrants culture and values --- Social justice. --- Socio economic inequality --- Theory of cultural justice --- Open Access --- Educational sociology. --- Emigration and immigration. --- School management and organization. --- School administration. --- Sociology of Education. --- Human Migration. --- Organization and Leadership.

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regional development --- innovation and entrepreneurship development --- cross border cooperation --- higher education and research --- European history and politics --- European economy and European policies --- Social sciences --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Social sciences. --- Europe. --- Moldova. --- Moldavia (Republic) --- Moldavian S.S.R. --- Moldavie --- Moldavii͡ --- Republic of Moldova --- Republica Moldova --- Republica Moldoveneasc --- Respublika Moldavii͡ --- Respublika Moldova --- RSS Moldova --- Sovetskai͡a Sot͡sialisticheskai͡a Respublika Moldova --- Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika Moldova --- Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova --- SSR Moldova --- SSRM --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Jumhūrīyat Mūldūf --- Mo'erduowa --- Mo'erduowa Gongheguo --- Moldovah --- Morudoba --- Mūldūf --- República de Moldova --- République de Moldova --- Social Sciences - General --- european history and politics --- european economy and european policies --- Jumhūrīyat Mūldūfā --- Moldavii︠a︡ --- Mūldūfā --- Republica Moldovenească --- Respublika Moldavii︠a︡ --- Sovetskai︠a︡ Sot︠s︡ialisticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Moldova --- Jumhūrīyat Mūldūfā --- Moldavii︠a︡ --- Mūldūfā --- República de Moldova --- Republica Moldovenească --- République de Moldova --- Respublika Moldavii︠a︡ --- Sovetskai︠a︡ Sot︠s︡ialisticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Moldova

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A comprehensive analysis of European craft guilds through eight centuries of economic historyGuilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question.Sheilagh Ogilvie's book features the voices of honorable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the "vile encroachers"-women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others-desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. She investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good but because they benefited two powerful groups-guild members and political elites.Exploring guilds' inner workings across eight centuries, The European Guilds shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks shape the wider economy-for good or ill.

Guilds --- Merchants --- History. --- Europe --- Commerce --- European economies. --- European economy. --- Toledo silk-twisters. --- apprentices. --- apprenticeships. --- bribery. --- cartel rents. --- cartels. --- comprehensive training. --- compulsory apprenticeship. --- consumers. --- corrupt governments. --- corruption. --- economic activities. --- economic benefits. --- economic discrimination. --- economic growth. --- economic performance. --- economy. --- entitlement. --- entry barriers. --- exclusive rights. --- exploitation. --- external competition. --- female competitors. --- female masters. --- female workers. --- guild masters. --- guild members. --- guild numbers. --- guild strength. --- guild-free enclaves. --- guilds. --- human capital investment. --- human capital. --- information asymmetries. --- innovation. --- internal cohesiveness. --- internal rivalry. --- invention. --- journeymen. --- legal entitlements. --- male tutelage. --- market failure. --- market failures. --- market manipulation. --- market regulations. --- merchant. --- minimum selling prices. --- political elites. --- political pressure. --- practitioners. --- private-order institutions. --- privileges. --- producer. --- producers. --- quality violations. --- social capital. --- social networks. --- spatial clustering. --- state failures. --- technological innovation. --- technological knowledge. --- work skills.

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european economy --- economic theory --- macroeconomics --- microeconomics --- international economics --- finance --- Economic history. --- Europe --- Ukraine --- Europe. --- Ukraine. --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- History, Economic --- Economics --- An Úcráin --- I-Yukreyini --- IYukreyini --- Malorosii͡ --- Małorosja --- Oekraïne --- Ookraan --- Oukraïne --- Oykrania --- Petite-Russie --- U.S.R.R. --- Ucrægna --- Úcráin --- Ucraina --- Ucrania --- Ucrayena --- ʻUkelena --- Ukraïna --- Ukrainæ --- Uḳraʼinah --- Ukrainian Council Socialist Republic --- Ukrainian S.S.R. --- Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic --- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic --- Ukrainio --- Ukrainmudin Orn --- Ukraïnsʹka Radi͡ansʹka Sot͡sialistychna Respublika --- Ukrainska Radyanska Sotsialistychna Respublika --- Ukrainska Sotsialistychna Radianska Respublika --- Ukraïnsʹka Sot͡sii͡alistychna Radi͡ansʹka Respublika --- Ukrainskai͡a Sovetskai͡a Sot͡sialisticheskai͡a Respublika --- Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika --- Ukrainujo --- Ukrajina --- Ūkrāniy --- Ukranya --- Ukrayiina --- Ukrayina --- Ukrayna --- Ukuraina --- Ukyáña --- Wcráin --- Yn Ookraan --- Yr Wcráin --- Yukrain --- Malorosii︠a︡ --- Ukraïnsʹka Radi︠a︡nsʹka Sot︠s︡ialistychna Respublika --- Ukraïnsʹka Sot︠s︡ii︠a︡listychna Radi︠a︡nsʹka Respublika --- Ukrainskai︠a︡ Sovetskai︠a︡ Sot︠s︡ialisticheskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Ūkrāniyā --- Ουκρανία --- Украинæ --- Украина --- Украинэ --- Украинмудин Орн --- Україна --- אוקראינע --- אוקראינה --- أوكرانيا --- ウクライナ --- 우크라이나 --- Ukraine (Hetmanate : 1648-1782) --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Conditions économiques