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This book focuses on OLAF, the European Union’s anti-fraud office, and examines the role of and challenges concerning fundamental rights in OLAF’s composite enforcement procedure. The mission of OLAF (Office Européen de Lutte Antifraude) is to fight fraud, corruption and any other illegal activities that affect the financial interests of the European Union. To this end, OLAF carries out administrative investigations, in which it gathers evidence itself, and coordination cases, in which it coordinates the Member States’ investigations. OLAF’s investigation and coordination efforts are conceived of as mere derivatives of other more traditional forms of law enforcement cooperation in which authorities enter into obligations to cooperate with one another, but in which each acts to fulfill these obligations within its own separately identifiable legal order and on the basis of its own law. This system, in its most conventional form, is founded on the notion of territorial sovereignty.If we extend the logic of this approach from enforcement (the ‘sword’) to fundamental rights (the ‘shield’), issues in relation to the latter – and the accompanying responsibility to prevent and/or remedy them – can arise only in individual (sovereign) legal orders. The way in which we view OLAF, as an evolved cognate of traditional forms of law enforcement cooperation, therefore directly dictates which fundamental rights issues enter into the equation, and in which manner. This book proposes an innovative way of looking at OLAF, which we refer to as ‘composite enforcement procedures.’ In this type of procedure, responsibilities for the entirety of enforcement are attributed to inextricably interlinked European Union and Member State legal orders. If we observe OLAF through this new lens, fundamental rights issues that would otherwise go unnoticed come to the forefront. These are issues that arise not in individual legal orders, but rather between or among theEuropean Union and the Member States. This book addresses these fundamental rights challenges and makes concrete recommendations on how they can be addressed and resolved.

Law --- Criminal law --- Civil rights. --- European communities. --- Criminal law. --- Europe --- European Criminal Law. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. --- European Law. --- European Politics. --- Europe. --- International unification. --- Politics and government.

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This book analyses new forms of human trafficking taking into account the transposition of the Directive 2011/36/UE which sets out minimum standards to be applied throughout the European Union in preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims. Sexual exploitation of trafficked persons is at its highest rate. After COVID-19, new forms of sexual exploitation have been identified, specifically in the Global South. The book analyses new forms of exploitation used by traffickers to coerce victims. Combining the perspectives of academic researchers with those of highly skilled professionals from governmental institutions, this book is a unique contribution, promoting collaboration in preventing and combating human trafficking crime, and in raising awareness of this ongoing problem.

Human trafficking. --- Human rights. --- Civil rights. --- European communities. --- Organized crime. --- Transnational crime. --- Law --- Criminal law --- Human Rights. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- Organized Crime. --- Transnational Crime. --- European Criminal Law. --- Europe. --- International unification.

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This open access book deals with Article 7 TEU measures, court proceedings, financial sanctions and the EU Rule of Law Framework to protect EU values with a particular focus on checks and balances in EU Member States. It analyses substantive standards, powers, procedures as well as the consequences and implications of the various instruments. It combines the analysis of the European level, be it the EU or the Council of Europe, with that of the national level, in particular in Hungary and Poland. The LM judgment of the European Court of Justice is made subject to detailed scrutiny.

Civil rights. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Civil rights --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Law and legislation --- Separation of powers --- European Union countries --- Politics and government. --- Checks and balances (Separation of powers) --- Division of powers --- Powers, Separation of --- Political science --- Delegation of powers --- Executive power --- Judicial independence --- Judicial power --- Judicial review --- Legislative power --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms --- Treaty of the European Union --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- Member States --- CJEU --- Democracy --- Rule of Law --- EU Values --- Constitutional Crisis --- Open access --- Public international law: human rights

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In diesem Open-Access-Sammelband werden die aktuelle Herausforderungen für Privatheit und Datenschutz aufgezeigt, die durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung entstehen. Die Beitragsautoren analysieren, wie diese durch Governancemechanismen adressiert werden können. Als Alternative zu einem rein profitorientierten Digitalkapitalismus bzw. Digitalautoritarismus wird für einen eigenständigen europäischen Weg beim Datenschutz argumentiert, der auf eine gemeinwohlorientierte Technikentwicklung abzielt. Insbesondere befassen sich die Beiträge mit den Möglichkeiten für die Stärkung der Selbstbestimmung in der Datenökonomie und mit algorithmischen Entscheidungssystemen. Die Herausgeber Dr. Michael Friedewald leitet das Geschäftsfeld „Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik“ am Fraunhofer Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung in Karlsruhe. Er befasst sich u.a. mit Auswirkungen neuer Technologien auf Datenschutz und Privatheit. Dr. Michael Kreutzer verantwortet beim Darmstädter Fraunhofer SIT-Institut den Bereich „Internationalisierung und strategische Industriebeziehungen“. Herr Kreutzer forscht und publiziert seit mehr als 20 Jahren zu Fragestellungen des technischen Privatsphärenschutzes und der IT-Sicherheit. Marit Hansen ist die Landesdatenschutzbeauftragte Schleswig-Holstein und leitet das Unabhängige Landeszentrum für Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein (ULD). Sie ist Informatikerin und Autorin vieler Veröffentlichungen zur datenschutzgerechten Gestaltung von IT-Systemen. Alle Herausgeber sind Mitglieder des „Forum Privatheit und selbstbestimmtes Leben in einer digitalen Welt“.

International human rights law --- Entertainment & media law --- Plattformen --- Digitalisierung --- Anonymität --- Künstliche Intelligenz --- Nutzerbefähigung --- Tagung --- Civil rights. --- European communities. --- Information technology --- Mass media --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property. --- Law and legislation. --- Technology and law --- European federation --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Civil rights --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Law and legislation

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The sometimes complex and controversial relation between the fundamental rights of the European Union, as enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), and national fundamental rights in the context of constitutional review is reflected in a series of landmark decisions in the multilateral cooperation of European courts, which have reshaped the fundamental rights architecture in the multilevel system in recent decades. This book aims to contribute to a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the EU and constitutional law issues involved, thus serving as a reference point for scholars and practitioners dealing with this emerging topic in depth. Following this approach, it sheds light on the broader Union legal context of these developments, examines the role of the CFR for Constitutional Courts, the relationship between constitutional and ordinary courts, and assesses the key decisions concerning the application of the CFR as a standard of constitutional review. It also draws some initial conclusions on the development of the European fundamental rights architecture, its prospects and possible implications for the Union’s legal order. The book contains several contributions by European legal experts from academia and the judiciary, who examine the different methods of constitutional application of the CFR from a comparative law perspective. These contributions deal with the following aspects: first, the role of the CFR for the respective Constitutional Court with regard to the application of EU law as well as national law falling within the scope of the CFR; second, the relationship between the respective Constitutional Court and the ordinary courts with regard to the application of the CFR; third, the relevant facts and legal reasoning of the most important Constitutional Court decisions on the application of the CFR as a relevant standard of constitutional review; fourth, the relevant case law of the CJEU on the relationship between Union and national fundamental rights, as well as its broader implications for the multilateral cooperation of European courts. The individual chapters examine, inter alia, the following decisions: Verfassungsgerichtshof (Austria), March 14, 2012, U 466/11 et al.; Corte Constituzionale (Italy), January 23, 2019, Sentenza 20/2019; Bundesverfassungsgericht (Germany), November 6, 2019, 1 BvR 276/17; Tribunal Constitucional (Portugal), June 3, 2022, Acórdão 268/2022; Tribunal Constitucional (Spain), June 29, 2022, Sentencia Decision 89/2022.

Civil rights --- Constitutional courts --- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union --- Civil rights. --- European communities. --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- International law. --- Comparative law. --- Constitutional law. --- European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. --- Private International Law, International and Foreign Law, Comparative Law. --- Constitutional Law.