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Mémoire collective --- Allemands --- Europe centrale --- 1945 --- -Europe de l'Est --- -Europe du Centre-Est --- Europe de l'Est --- Europe du Centre-Est

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Civilisation --- Europe --- Europe de l'Est --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Europe du Centre-Est --- History. --- Histoire. --- Relations

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Les cartes électorales de l'Ukraine et de la Pologne de ces dernières décennies ont souvent donné à voir le dessin des empires passés qui s'étaient partagé ces territoires. Les frontières fantômes sont ces traces laissées par des entités politiques défuntes dans les pratiques sociales contemporaines. Comment et pourquoi des limites territoriales, qui n'ont plus de réalité politique, peuvent-elle réapparaître après plusieurs générations ? Pourquoi semblent-elles s'être imprimées dans l'esprit des gens ? C'est à partir de terrains menés en Europe centrale et orientale, et notamment en Roumanie, que Béatrice von Hirschhausen tente de comprendre ce phénomène fascinant. Sillonnée d'anciennes frontières d'empires, la région permet d'observer certains de leurs fantômes. Elle offre un véritable laboratoire pour étudier la production des espaces : entre histoire et culture, entre routines et imaginaires. Cette analyse géographique de l'action individuelle comme des attitudes collectives, montre comment les sociétés se pensent à partir de l'espace. Elle permet d'expliquer des comportements non par un "nous" identitaire ou par des mentalités mais par des conventions locales plus ou moins stables : "ici, on fait comme ça ". Une réflexion neuve sur les différences culturelles.

Human geography --- Europe, Central --- Europe, Eastern --- Frontières --- Identité collective --- Géographie historique --- Europe du Centre-Est --- Frontières. --- Boundaries. --- Identité collective. --- Group identity. --- Géographie historique. --- Historical geography. --- Europe du Centre-Est. --- Frontière --- Frontière fantôme --- Géographie --- Histoire --- Europe de l'Est --- Frontières --- Identité collective. --- Géographie historique.

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De saint Wenceslas à la Sainte Couronne de Hongrie, du bouclier de la foi aux invasions mongoles et aux croisades de Prusse, les motifs qui ont forgé l'imaginaire collectif des habitants de l'ancien "bloc de l'Est" et leur servent aujourd'hui de références identitaires jusque dans les plus hautes sphères de l'Etat et de la diplomatie remontent pour l'essentiel au Moyen Age. Impossible de comprendre l'évolution actuelle de ces pays sans disposer de ces clés de compréhension.Confié à une centaine d'historiens, sous la direction de Marie-Madeleine de Cevins, ce livre - qui tient à la fois du dictionnaire encyclopédique et de l'essai collectif - embrasse l'ensemble géographique couvert par les duchés puis royaumes de Bohême, Moravie, Hongrie et Pologne sur plus de huit siècles

Europe Centrale --- --Europe de l'Est --- --Bohème --- --Hongrie --- --Pologne --- --Moyen âge, --- dictionnaire --- --Bohême (République tchèque) --- Hongrie --- Pologne --- Europe du Centre-Est --- Europe, Central --- History --- Moyen âge, 476-1492 --- Europe de l'Est --- Bohème

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The authors argue that small privatization is, above all, a transfer of ownership to commercial real estate and that the nature of the rights conveyed to the new owners makes a great difference with respect to postprivatization restructuring. They also show that the presence of outside owners, not connected with predecessor state establishments, is one of the most important factors determining the extent of changes brought about by small privatization. The volume also presents the results of the first extensive empirical survey of privatized establishments in the three countries and draws important conclusions concerning the conditions necessary for a successful privatization of the retail trade and consumer service sectors in Eastern Europe. The authors describe and analyze all the programs with the help of which shops, restaurants, and service establishments have been privatized in the three most advanced postcommunist countries and provide detailed quantitative evidence concerning all aspects of the small privatization process. This Third Volume in the acclaimed series of CEU Privatization Reports deals with the transition to a free market in retail trade and consumer services in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic.

CENTRAL EUROPE. --- CZECH REPUBLIC. --- HUNGARY. --- POLAND. --- ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION. --- RETAIL TRADE. --- SERVICE INDUSTRIES. --- PRIVATIZATION. --- Privatisations --- Petites et moyennes entreprises. --- Privatization --- Diensten. --- Detailhandel. --- Privatization. --- Economic history. --- Secteur tertiaire. --- Privatisation. --- Commerce de detail. --- Analyse comparative. --- Denationalization --- Privatisation --- Contracting out --- Corporatization --- Government ownership --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Industries --- Retail industry --- Retailing --- Commerce --- Marketing --- Shopping centers --- Wholesale trade --- Pologne --- Hongrie --- Republique tcheque --- Poland --- Hungary --- Czech Republic --- Poland. --- Hungary. --- Czech Republic. --- Pologne. --- Hongrie. --- Dēmokratia tēs Oungarias --- Gweriniaeth Hwngari --- Hanekeria --- Hangarī --- Hongaarse Republiek --- Hongaria --- Hongarije --- Hongarye --- Hŏnggari --- Hongria --- Honharije --- Hunakalia --- Hungara Respubliko --- Hungari --- Hungaria --- Hungariako Errepublika --- Hungarian Republic --- Hungariar Errepublika --- Hungario --- Hungarujo --- Hungaryah --- Hungría --- Hungrii --- Hwngari --- Jamhuri ya Hungaria --- Lepulika o Hungary --- Lýðveldið Ungverjaland --- Macaristan --- Macaristan Cumhuriyeti --- Macarıstan Respublikası --- Mađarska --- Mad̕arská republika --- Maďarsko --- Madi︠a︡rshchyna --- Madjaristan --- Madžarska --- Madźary --- Madzhar --- Madzhar Respublika --- Magyar Köztársaság (Republic) --- Magyar Népköztársaság --- Magyar Republic --- Magyar Tanácsköztársaság --- Magyarország (Republic) --- Majarstan Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Majoriston --- Mazharstan --- Mazharstan Respublikasy --- Ohorsʹka Respublika --- Ongaria --- Ongiri --- Ongria --- Oonguri --- Oungaria --- Oгорська Республіка --- Pobblaght ny h-Ungaar --- Poblacht na hUngáire --- Republic of Hungary --- República da Hungria --- República de Hungría --- República d'Hongria --- Republica d'Ongria --- Republica Ungară --- Republica Ungaria --- Republica Ungrese --- Republiek van Hongarye --- Republik bu Oonguri --- Republik Hongaria --- Republik Ungarn --- Republika e Hungarisë --- Republika Mađarska --- Republika Madžarska --- Republika ng Unggarya --- Republika Ungarija --- Republika Węgierska --- Republikang Unggaro --- Republiken Ungern --- Republikken Ungarn --- République de Hongrie --- Repúvlika de Madjaristan --- Respublica Hungarica --- Tjóðveldið Ungarn --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Hungria --- Uhorshchyna --- Uhorsʹka Respublika --- Ungaar --- Ungaïa --- Ungáir --- Ungar --- Ungari --- Ungari Vabariik --- Ungaria --- Ungarii︠a︡ --- Ungārija --- Ungārijas Republika --- Ungarn --- Ungarskata republika --- Ungerija --- Ungern --- Unggarya --- Unggriya --- Ungheria --- Unghirìa --- Ungri --- Ungverjaland --- Unkari --- Unkarin tasavalta --- V.N.R. --- Vengerskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Vengerskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Vengrėjė --- Vengrėjės Respoblėka --- Vengrii︠a︡ --- Vengrii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Vengrija --- Vengrijos respublika --- Vengriya --- Vengriya Respublikasi --- Venhryi︠a︡ --- VNR --- Węgry --- Xiongyali --- Xiongyali gong he guo --- Xiongyali Gongheguo --- Ουγγαρία --- Δημοκρατία της Ουγγαρίας --- Република Унгарија --- Република Мађарска --- Унгар --- Унгарската република --- Унгария --- Унгарија --- Угорська Республіка --- Угорщина --- Мажарстан --- Мажарстан Республикасы --- Мађарска --- Мадярщина --- Маджар --- Маджар Республика --- Венгрыя --- Венгрия --- Венгрия Республикасы --- Венгерская Республика --- אונגארן --- רפובליקא דא מאגיאדיסטאן --- מאגיאדיסטאן --- הונגריה --- ハンガリー --- 匈牙利 --- 匈牙利共和國 --- 헝가리 --- Austro-Hungarian Monarchy --- Poyln --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Polʹsha --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polonia --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Polska --- Polsko --- T︠S︡arstvo Polʹskoe --- Królestwo Polskie --- Polʹskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- PNR --- PRL --- Poljska --- Lehastan --- Polin --- Būlūniyā --- Polonyah --- République populaire de Pologne --- Polen --- Ppolsŭkka --- Polish People's Republic --- Republic of Poland --- Poland (Territory under German occupation, 1939-1945) --- Generalgouvernement (Poland) --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo (Poland) --- General Government (Poland) --- Heneralʹna hubernii︠a︡ (Poland) --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polish Republic --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Kongresówka --- Kingdom of Poland --- Lahistān --- لهستان --- Polandia --- Полшэ --- Polshė --- Pole --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Polaland --- Polisce Cynewise --- Полша --- Полониа --- بولندا --- Būlandā --- Polóña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- Польша --- Puluña --- Ripublika Puluña --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Pulandia --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Польшча --- Polʹshcha --- Рэспубліка Польшча --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Polonya --- Република Полша --- Republika Polsha --- Poin --- Republika Poljska --- Польшо --- Polʹsho --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Polská republika --- Polaki --- Gwlad Pwyl --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Republikken Polen --- Republik Polen --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Πολωνία --- Pulógna --- Польша Мастор --- Polʹsha Mastor --- República de Polonia --- Pollando --- Respubliko Pollando --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Pólland --- République de Pologne --- Poalen --- Poloonya --- Polonie --- An Pholainn --- Pholainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Yn Pholynn --- Pholynn --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- A' Phòlainn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Borandi --- Pô-làn --- Польшин Орн --- Polʹshin Orn --- 폴란드 --- P'ollandŭ --- Pōlani --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Польшæ --- Polʹshæ --- Польшæйы Республикæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- Repubblica di Polonia --- פולין --- רפובליקת פולין --- Republiḳat Polin --- Poleni --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Poloni --- Polonye --- Polòy --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Polija --- Polijas Republika --- Lenkija --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Polsca --- Republica de Polsca --- Pol'šu --- Polskas --- Bupoolo --- Bupolska --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Lengyelország --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Lithuania (Grand Duchy) --- Česká republika --- ČR --- Tschechische Republik --- Česko --- Czechia --- チェコ --- Cheko --- チェコ共和国 --- Cheko Kyōwakoku --- Tschechien --- Tschechenland --- Tschechei --- République tchèque --- República Checa --- Chequia --- Txèquia‏ --- Txeca --- República Txeca --- Češka --- Czech Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia) --- Czechoslovakia --- Conditions economiques --- Conditions economiques. --- Economic conditions. --- privatization in retail trade, catering, and services. --- BNUU --- БНУУ --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Ungar Uls --- Entreprises, Moyennes --- Entreprises, Petites --- Petites entreprises --- Petites et moyennes industries --- Petites industries --- PME --- PMI --- Entreprises du Middlemarket --- Entreprises du Midmarket --- Industrie, Petite et moyenne --- Middle market --- Middlemarket --- Midmarket --- Petite entreprise --- Petite industrie --- Acteurs économiques indépendants --- Conseillers du salarié --- Entreprises --- Fonds régionaux d'aide au conseil --- Fonds régionaux d'aide à l'exportation --- Petites maisons d'édition --- Concessions (commerce de détail) --- Entreprises artisanales --- Groupements d'employeurs --- Librairies indépendantes de référence --- Microentreprises --- Petites exploitations agricoles --- Dénationalisations --- Désétatisation des entreprises --- Actions spécifiques --- Déréglementation --- Nationalisations --- Privatisation de la justice --- Privatisation de l'éducation --- Entreprises publiques --- Dimension --- titres de société --- 1939-1945 --- Būland --- Būlūniy --- P'olland --- Polsh --- Polʹskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- T͡Sarstvo Polʹskoe --- Europe --- Opinion publique polonaise --- Europe du Centre-Est --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Pays slaves --- Histoire --- Civilisation