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“Practitioners and scholars have stressed the risks posed by the weakening of political legitimacy of the EU vis à vis European citizens. These conclusions are mostly drawn on speculation. This fascinating comparative study uses mixed methods to empirically explore how and when does European opposition emerge. If criticism from European citizens and political parties remains unheard within the European elitist construct, such criticism will transform itself into rejection. With an innovative look at the academic scholarship on Euroscepticism this book fills major gaps and offers important suggestions for both policy makers and academics.” —Manuela Caiani, Professor, Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence, Italy Is Euroscepticism still suited to analyze the variegated nature of opposition to the EU? Starting with this question, this book critically reviews Euroscepticism, reconceptualizes it in terms of political opposition and discovers, disentangles and explains patterns of EU-opposition within the European Parliament (EP). Distinguishing between “what the EU does” and “what the EU is”, the research elaborates an index of parties’ positioning, “measuring” it through the speeches that parties’ deliver in the EP. The EP is the “perfect laboratory” where decisions concerning EU-policies are taken and the future EU-trajectories are shaped. Besides delineating a set of guidelines categorizing parties, the book concludes that their positioning varies along two main axes: the pro-anti-EU-system and the pro-anti-EU-establishment. From a normative perspective, the research argues for the growing importance of the “cumulation hypothesis”: if criticism remains unheard within the European elitist construct, such criticism will transform itself into rejection. Benedetta Carlotti holds a PhD in Political Science and Sociology from the Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence, Italy. She is currently a Data Analyst in a private company located in Florence where she deepens text analysis methods. Her main research interests concern positioning toward the EU with a special focus on extremist and populist parties. She has engaged in research collaboration with the University of Siena and with the Scuola Normale Superiore. Her work has been published in the Italian Political Science Review, European Political Science Review and Italian Political Science.

European Parliament. --- European Communities. Parliament --- Opposition --- Europäisches Parlament --- European Parliament --- Politische Opposition --- Widerstand --- Oppositioneller --- Europaparlament --- EU-Parlament --- Das Europäische Parlament --- EP --- Bürgerkammer der Europäischen Union --- European Parliamentary Assembly --- Assemblée Parlementaire Européenne --- Assemblea Parlamentare Europea --- Europees Parlement --- Parlement Européen --- Parlamento Europeo --- PE --- Het Europese Parlement --- Europa-Parlamentet --- Wirtschaftsunion --- Supranationale Organisation --- Straßburg --- Frankreich --- Luxemburg --- Brüssel --- Belgien --- Europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl --- Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft --- Europäische Gemeinschaft --- Europäische Atomgemeinschaft --- Europäische Gemeinschaften --- Europäische Union --- 25.03.1957 --- -Opposition --- -Opposition (Political science) - European Union countries --- European Union countries - Politics and government - 21st century --- Das Europäische Parlament --- Bürgerkammer der Europäischen Union --- Assemblée Parlementaire Européenne --- Parlement Européen --- Brüssel --- Europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl --- Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft --- Europäische Gemeinschaft --- Europäische Atomgemeinschaft --- Europäische Gemeinschaften --- Europäische Union --- -Europäisches Parlament --- Opposition (Political science) --- European Union countries

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Fuels --- History of Belgium and Luxembourg --- Mining industry --- European Coal and Steel Community --- anno 1950-1959 --- Coal trade --- Belgium --- Charbon --- Belgique --- History --- Foreign economic relations --- Industrie --- Histoire --- Relations économiques extérieures --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 331.19 --- 334.150.4 --- 338.733 --- BPB1012 --- Charbonnage --- CECA --- Geschiedkundige en andere inlichtingen over industriële, financiële en handelsondernemingen. --- Europese gemeenschappen. EEG. EGKS. EGA. --- Steenkool. Steenkoolhoudende mineralen. Vaste brandstoffen. --- Steenkoolwinplaats --- België --- EGKS --- Kohlenindustrie --- Kohlepolitik --- History. --- Geschichte 1950-1959. --- Belgien --- Kohlenindustrie. --- Kohlepolitik. --- Belgien. --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Coal industry --- Fuel trade --- Geschiedkundige en andere inlichtingen over industriële, financiële en handelsondernemingen --- Europese gemeenschappen. EEG. EGKS. EGA --- Steenkool. Steenkoolhoudende mineralen. Vaste brandstoffen --- European coal and steel community --- ECSC --- Coal mines and mining --- 1950-1967 --- 20th century --- Mines and mineral resources --- extração de carvão --- szénbányászat --- minería del carbón --- imminar tal-faħam --- steenkoolwinplaats --- těžba uhlí --- coal mining --- вадење јаглен --- nxjerrje e qymyrgurit --- akmens anglių gavyba --- ogļu ieguve --- ťažba uhlia --- добив на въглища --- копање угља --- kolgruvedrift --- ugljeno rudarstvo --- miniera di carbone --- górnictwo węglowe --- Kohlenbergbau --- söe kaevandamine --- hiilenlouhinta --- kulminedrift --- mină de cărbuni --- ανθρακωρυχείο --- pridobivanje premoga --- karjers --- ogļraktuves --- Kohlenrevier --- uhoľná jama --- uhoľné pole --- uhoľná panva --- окно --- hiilikenttä --- Steinkohlenförderung --- mina de carvão --- uhelná pánev --- kulbrydning --- rudnik ugljena --- bacino minerario --- ανθρακοφόρος περιοχή --- minë qymyrguri --- kolbrytning --- ugljenokop --- nalazište ugljena --- bányamező --- bassin minier --- zăcăminte de cărbuni --- Kohlenabbau --- akmens anglių telkinys --- pus miniere --- Kohlenzeche --- λιγνιτωρυχεία --- Steinkohlengrube --- Bergbaurevier --- fushë qymyrguri --- giacimento di carbon fossile --- steenkolenbekken --- extracção de carvão --- colliery --- exploração de minas de carvão --- houillère --- наоѓалиште на јаглен --- cuenca minera --- söekaevandus --- uhoľná baňa --- pit --- šachta --- kolenbekken --- јагленокоп --- stenkulsbrud --- akmeņogļu atradnes --- coal field --- jáma --- explotación carbonera --- kulbækken --- exploitation charbonnière --- kulbassin --- minierë qymyrguri --- mina hullera --- akmens anglių šachta --- Kohlenförderung --- steenkolenmijn --- szénbánya --- coal mine --- söeväli --- akmens anglių kasykla --- vađenje ugljena --- Steinkohlenbergwerk --- kivisöekaevandus --- uhelný důl --- aknamező --- stenkolsgruva --- hiilikaivos --- Comunitatea Europeană a Cărbunelui și Oțelului --- KEQÇ --- ΕΚΑΧ --- Europos anglių ir plieno bendrija --- ЕЗУЧ --- Evropské společenství uhlí a oceli --- Европейско обединение за въглища и стомана --- EKSG --- Europska zajednica za ugljen i čelik --- EHTY --- Европска заедница за јаглен и челик --- ESZAK --- ESTÜ --- ESUO --- EKSF --- ESPJ --- KEFA --- EWWS --- EOTK --- Hohe Behörde --- Alta Autoridade --- Comunità europea del carbone e dell'acciaio --- Советодавен комитет на ЕЗЈЧ --- vysoký orgán --- Főhatóság --- Comité consultatif CECA --- komiteti konsultativ i KEQÇ-së --- Komuniteti Europian i Qymyrgurit dhe Çelikut --- ESZAK Konzultatív Bizottság --- EAPB --- EHTY:n neuvoa-antava komitea --- Raadgevend Comité EGKS --- Consultative Committee of the ECSC --- Ülemamet --- ESTÜ nõuandekomitee --- korkea viranomainen --- ECSC consultative committee --- Hoge Autoriteit --- Haute-Autorité --- Európske spoločenstvo uhlia a ocele --- EAPB konsultacinis komitetas --- Den Høje Myndighed --- High Authority --- ЕЦСЦ --- Aukščiausioji valdžia --- Alta Autoridad --- Augstā iestāde --- Comité Consultivo CECA --- Europese Gemeenschap voor Kolen en Staal --- Ευρωπαϊκή Κοινότητα Άνθρακα και Χάλυβα --- Euroopa Söe- ja Teraseühendus --- az ESZAK Konzultatív Bizottsága --- Höga myndigheten --- Beratender Ausschuss EGKS --- Europeiska kol- och stålgemenskapen --- Europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl --- Alta Autorità --- Det Rådgivende Udvalg for EKSF --- Eiropas Ogļu un tērauda kopiena --- ESUO konzultačný výbor --- Европска заједница за угаљ и челик --- Det Europæiske Kul- og Stålfællesskab --- Európai Szén- és Acélközösség --- Συμβουλευτική Επιτροπή ΕΚΑΧ --- EZUČ --- comitetul consultativ ceco --- Comitato consultivo CECA --- Comunidade Europeia do Carvão e do Aço --- Konzultačný výbor ESUO --- EOTK padomdevēja komiteja --- Communauté européenne du charbon et de l'acier --- Euroopan hiili- ja teräsyhteisö --- Ανωτάτη Αρχή --- Autoritet i Lartë --- Comunidad Europea del Carbón y del Acero --- EKSG:s rådgivande kommitté --- ЕЗЈЧ --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- CEGC --- mianadóireacht guail --- Coal trade - Belgium - History - 20th century --- Montan-Union --- --Belgique --- Industrie et commerce --- 1945-1970 --- Europe