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En Tauride, sur les bords de la mer Noire, Iphigénie, prêtresse d’Artémis, est sur le point de sacrifier à son insu son frère, envoyé par Apollon sur cette terre barbare pour s’y purifier de son matricide. Dans cette tragédie d’Euripide, les rites de sacrifice et de purification, représentés pourtant comme des affaires humaines, sont mis en rapport avec la figure ambiguë d’une déesse singulière, Artémis et d’un dieu « Oblique », Apollon. Dans cette pièce, le poète que Nietzsche accusait d’avoir voulu chasser Dionysos de la scène, offre une vision tragique de l’action humaine aux prises avec l’obscurité du vouloir des dieux. L’ouvrage propose une traduction nouvelle à partir d’un texte rénové, au plus près des manuscrits. Le commentaire exploite les études des historiens et des anthropologues sur les mythes et les rites de la Grèce antique, tout en s’attachant à rendre compte de la virtuosité d’Euripide, poète dramatique soucieux du plaisir du spectateur.
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Euripides’ Electra opened up for its audience an opportunity to become self-aware as to the appeal of tragic Kunstsprache: it both reflected and sustained traditional, aristocratically-inflected assumptions about the continuity of appearance and substance, even in a radical democracy. A complex analogy between social and aesthetic valuation is played out and brought to light. The characterization of Orestes early in the play demonstrates how social appearances made clear the identity of well-born, and how they were still assumed to indicate superior virtue and agency. On the aesthetic side of the analogy, one of the functions of tragic diction, as an essential indication of heroic character and agency, comes into view in a dramatic and thematic sequence that begins with Achilles ode and ends with the planning of the murders. Serious doubts are created as to whether Orestes will realize the assumed potential inherent in his heroic genealogy and, at the same time, as to whether the components of his character as an aesthetic construct are congruent with such qualities and agency. Both sides of this complex analogy are thus problematized, and, at a metapoetic level, its nature and bases are exposed for reflection.
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Euripide --- Euripides --- 48 (Euripide)
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