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Polyethylene glycol. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Polyoxyethylene --- Ethylene glycols --- Polyols

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Ethylene --- Toxicity --- Risk assessment --- Environmental exposure --- Ethylene glycols --- Health risk assessment --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Environmental health --- Dihydroxyethanes --- Ethanediols --- Ethylene compounds --- Glycols --- Environmental aspects --- Toxicology

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This book evaluates the risk to human health of ethylene glycol.Ethylene glycol is a colourless odourless sweet-tasting relatively non-volatile liquid. It is used in the manufacture of poly-ethylene terephthalate in natural gas processing and as an antifreeze agent. Available data from acute poisoning cases (humans) and repeated-dose toxicity studies (experimental ani-mals) indicate that the kidney is a critical organ for the toxicity of ethylene glycol in both humans and experimental animals.

No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level --- Risk Assessment --- Environmental Exposure --- Ethylene Glycol --- Risk --- Environmental Pollution --- Toxicity Tests --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Risk Management --- Ethylene Glycols --- Pharmacological Phenomena --- Public Health --- Physiological Phenomena --- Probability --- Glycols --- Organization and Administration --- Investigative Techniques --- Statistics as Topic --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Environment and Public Health --- Alcohols --- Health Services Administration --- Phenomena and Processes --- Delivery of Health Care. --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Organic Chemicals --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Quality of Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation

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PEGylated Protein Drugs: Basic Science and Clinical Applications describes the basic technologies and the major results obtained with the PEGylation technique, the covalent binding to proteins, peptides and small organic molecules of the hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer poly(ethylene glycol) to improve their therapeutic efficacy. The book results from the collaboration of recognized experts from academia and industry, working on various aspects of the PEGylation technology. The first chapters provide general information on the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, immunogenic and toxicological properties of PEG and PEG-conjugates. The classical and more advanced chemical strategies for linking PEG to protein drugs are described as well as novel enzyme-catalysed approaches. Further chapters are devoted to important PEGylated products, namely PEG conjugates of enzymes, cytokines, antibodies or synthetic organic molecules already on the market or in an advanced state of clinical experimentation. Guidelines for the approval by the Health Agencies of these new nanomedicines are also reported as a last chapter. Therefore, this book may be a unique instrument for a thorough review of the strategy, advantages and limitations of all aspects of drug PEGylation as well as a stimulation for researchers to develop new exploitations of this technology. It is of interest to physicians, biochemists, pharmacologists and chemists.

Drugs --Design. --- Polyethylene glycol. --- Protein drugs. --- Polyethylene glycol --- Drugs --- Protein drugs --- Polyethylene Glycols --- Drug Carriers --- Proteins --- Dosage Forms --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Drug Delivery Systems --- Polymers --- Ethylene Glycols --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Drug Therapy --- Biomedical and Dental Materials --- Specialty Uses of Chemicals --- Macromolecular Substances --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Glycols --- Therapeutics --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Manufactured Materials --- Alcohols --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Organic Chemicals --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Biomedical Engineering --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Design --- Design. --- Protein pharmaceuticals --- Polyoxyethylene --- Drug design --- Pharmaceutical design --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Pharmacology. --- Biotechnology. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Medical biochemistry. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Medical Biochemistry. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Ethylene glycols --- Polyols --- Drug development --- Toxicology. --- Biochemistry. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Toxicology --- Composition --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Medical biochemistry --- Pathobiochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Pathology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect