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This book examines the roles, responsibilities and accountabilities of Australian cabinet ministers. It examines the sorts of jobs ministers do, what is expected of them, what they expect of the job and how they (are supposed to) work together as a team. It considers aspects of how they are chosen to become ministers; how they are scrutinised by parliament and the media; and how ministers themselves view accountability. It also looks at the causes of calls for ministers to resign, examines scandals around ministers and assesses ministerial accountability.
Politicians - Australia - Ethical behavior. --- Government - General --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Institutions & Public Administration - General --- Political consultants --- Politicians --- Political ethics --- Government - Non-U.S. --- Government - Asia --- Ethical behavior --- Public opinion --- Conduct of life. --- Public opinion. --- Australia --- Politics and government. --- Politics and government --- Ethics, Political --- Ethics in government --- Government ethics --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Advisors, Political --- Campaign consultants --- Political advisors --- Moral and ethical aspects --- New Holland --- Osṭralyah --- Usṭralyah --- Australie --- Avstralii︠a︡ --- Nova Hollandia --- Commonwealth of Australia --- Australiese Gemenebes --- أستراليا --- Usturāliyā --- كومنولث الأسترالي --- Kūmunwālth al-Usturālī --- Аўстралія --- Aŭstralii︠a︡ --- Australija --- Австралийски съюз --- Avstraliĭski sŭi︠u︡z --- Австралийският съюз --- Avstraliĭskii︠a︡t sŭi︠u︡z --- Mancomunitat d'Austràlia --- Awstralya --- Komonwelt sa Awstralya --- Australské společenství --- Australien --- Aŭstralio --- Komunejo de Aŭstralio --- Komunaĵo de Aŭstralio --- Austraalia --- Austraalia Ühendus --- Αυστραλία --- Aystralia --- Κοινοπολιτεία της Αυστραλίας --- Koinopoliteia tēs Aystralias --- אוסטרליה --- קהיליית אוסטרליה --- Ḳehiliyat Osṭralyah --- ʻAukekulelia --- Ausztrália --- Ausztrál Államszövetség --- Ástralía --- Samveldið Ástralía --- Negara Persemakmuran Australia --- Persemakmuran Australia --- Austrālijas Savienība --- Australijos Sandrauga --- Австралија --- Avstralija --- Комонвелтот на Австралија --- Komonveltot na Avstralija --- Државна заедница Австралија --- Državna zaednica Avstralija --- Aostralia --- Komanwel Australia --- Awstralja --- Ahitereiria --- Whakaminenga o Ahitereiria --- Австралия --- Австралийский Союз --- Avstraliĭskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Mancomunidad de Australia --- Awstralia --- Cymanwlad Awstralia --- Australian Government --- Government of Australia --- オーストラリア --- Ōsutoraria --- Statesmen --- Ethics --- Civics --- Consultants --- Австралийски съюз --- Австралийският съюз --- Австралийский Союз
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Attention in the AI safety community has increasingly started to include strategic considerations of coordination between relevant actors in the field of AI and AI safety, in addition to the steadily growing work on the technical considerations of building safe AI systems. This shift has several reasons: Multiplier effects, pragmatism, and urgency. Given the benefits of coordination between those working towards safe superintelligence, this book surveys promising research in this emerging field regarding AI safety. On a meta-level, the hope is that this book can serve as a map to inform those working in the field of AI coordination about other promising efforts. While this book focuses on AI safety coordination, coordination is important to most other known existential risks (e.g., biotechnology risks), and future, human-made existential risks. Thus, while most coordination strategies in this book are specific to superintelligence, we hope that some insights yield “collateral benefits” for the reduction of other existential risks, by creating an overall civilizational framework that increases robustness, resiliency, and antifragility.
strategic oversight --- multi-agent systems --- autonomous distributed system --- artificial superintelligence --- safe for design --- adaptive learning systems --- explainable AI --- ethics --- scenario mapping --- typologies of AI policy --- artificial intelligence --- design for values --- distributed goals management --- scenario analysis --- Goodhart’s Law --- specification gaming --- AI Thinking --- VSD --- AI --- human-in-the-loop --- value sensitive design --- future-ready --- forecasting AI behavior --- AI arms race --- AI alignment --- blockchain --- artilects --- policy making on AI --- distributed ledger --- AI risk --- Bayesian networks --- artificial intelligence safety --- conflict --- AI welfare science --- moral and ethical behavior --- scenario network mapping --- policymaking process --- human-centric reasoning --- antispeciesism --- AI forecasting --- transformative AI --- ASILOMAR --- judgmental distillation mapping --- terraforming --- pedagogical motif --- AI welfare policies --- superintelligence --- artificial general intelligence --- supermorality --- AI value alignment --- AGI --- predictive optimization --- AI safety --- technological singularity --- machine learning --- holistic forecasting framework --- simulations --- existential risk --- technology forecasting --- AI governance --- sentiocentrism --- AI containment
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This paper studies the role of morality in the decision to repay debts. Using a field experiment with a large Islamic bank in Indonesia, the paper finds that moral appeals strongly increase credit card repayments. In this setting, all of the banks late-paying credit card customers receive a basic reminder to repay their debt one day after they miss the payment due date. In addition, two days before the end of a ten-day grace period, clients in a treatment group also receive a text message that cites an Islamic religious text and states that "non-repayment of debts by someone who is able to repay is an injustice." This message increases the share of customers meeting their minimum payments by nearly 20 percent. By contrast, sending either a simple reminder or an Islamic quote that is unrelated to debt repayment has no effect on the share of customers making the minimum payment. Clients also respond more strongly to this moral appeal than to substantial financial incentives: receiving the religious message increases repayments by more than offering a cash rebate equivalent to 50 percent of the minimum repayment. Finally, the paper finds that removing religious aspects from the quote does not change its effectiveness, suggesting that the moral appeal of the message does not necessarily rely on its religious connotation.
Access to credit --- Adverse selection --- Arrears --- Assets --- Bank indonesia --- Banking --- Bankruptcy and resolution of financial distress --- Banks and banking reform --- Borrowers --- Checking account --- Collect debts --- Collections --- Communications --- Consumer choice --- Consumer choices --- Credit card --- Credit card debt --- Credit control --- Credit market --- Current debt --- Customer service --- Customers --- Debt --- Debt forgiveness --- Debt markets --- Debt relief --- Debt repayment --- Debtor --- Debts --- Default --- Deposit --- E-Business --- Emerging markets --- Equity --- Equity fund --- Estate private sector development --- Ethical behavior --- Ethical global equity --- Ethical global equity fund --- Exchange --- Fair trade --- Finance and financial sector development --- Financial development --- Financial products --- Forgiveness --- Gambling --- Global equity --- Goods --- Grace period --- Grants --- Human capital --- Human rights --- Income --- Indebted --- Indebted poor countries --- Insurance --- Interest --- Interest rate --- Interest rates --- Interested party --- International bank --- Investment --- Investment management --- Investor --- Islamic bank --- Islamic law --- Late payment --- Law --- Liquidity --- Liquidity constraint --- Loan --- Loan repayment --- Moral hazard --- Moral suasion --- Mortgage --- New credit --- Outsourcing --- Outstanding debt --- Partner bank --- Payment --- Payments --- Peer pressure --- Penalties --- Penalty --- Political economy --- Portfolio --- Price --- Pricing --- Property --- Public debt --- Real estate --- Repayment --- Repayment behavior --- Repayment of debt --- Repayment of debts --- Repayment rate --- Repayment rates --- Responsible investment --- Restructuring --- Revenue --- Risk --- Saving --- Savings --- Savings account --- Savings accounts --- Services --- Share --- Shares --- Socially responsible investment --- Sovereign debt --- Stocks --- Student debt --- Student loans --- Trade --- Usury laws
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This paper studies the role of morality in the decision to repay debts. Using a field experiment with a large Islamic bank in Indonesia, the paper finds that moral appeals strongly increase credit card repayments. In this setting, all of the banks late-paying credit card customers receive a basic reminder to repay their debt one day after they miss the payment due date. In addition, two days before the end of a ten-day grace period, clients in a treatment group also receive a text message that cites an Islamic religious text and states that "non-repayment of debts by someone who is able to repay is an injustice." This message increases the share of customers meeting their minimum payments by nearly 20 percent. By contrast, sending either a simple reminder or an Islamic quote that is unrelated to debt repayment has no effect on the share of customers making the minimum payment. Clients also respond more strongly to this moral appeal than to substantial financial incentives: receiving the religious message increases repayments by more than offering a cash rebate equivalent to 50 percent of the minimum repayment. Finally, the paper finds that removing religious aspects from the quote does not change its effectiveness, suggesting that the moral appeal of the message does not necessarily rely on its religious connotation.
Access to credit --- Adverse selection --- Arrears --- Assets --- Bank indonesia --- Banking --- Bankruptcy and resolution of financial distress --- Banks and banking reform --- Borrowers --- Checking account --- Collect debts --- Collections --- Communications --- Consumer choice --- Consumer choices --- Credit card --- Credit card debt --- Credit control --- Credit market --- Current debt --- Customer service --- Customers --- Debt --- Debt forgiveness --- Debt markets --- Debt relief --- Debt repayment --- Debtor --- Debts --- Default --- Deposit --- E-Business --- Emerging markets --- Equity --- Equity fund --- Estate private sector development --- Ethical behavior --- Ethical global equity --- Ethical global equity fund --- Exchange --- Fair trade --- Finance and financial sector development --- Financial development --- Financial products --- Forgiveness --- Gambling --- Global equity --- Goods --- Grace period --- Grants --- Human capital --- Human rights --- Income --- Indebted --- Indebted poor countries --- Insurance --- Interest --- Interest rate --- Interest rates --- Interested party --- International bank --- Investment --- Investment management --- Investor --- Islamic bank --- Islamic law --- Late payment --- Law --- Liquidity --- Liquidity constraint --- Loan --- Loan repayment --- Moral hazard --- Moral suasion --- Mortgage --- New credit --- Outsourcing --- Outstanding debt --- Partner bank --- Payment --- Payments --- Peer pressure --- Penalties --- Penalty --- Political economy --- Portfolio --- Price --- Pricing --- Property --- Public debt --- Real estate --- Repayment --- Repayment behavior --- Repayment of debt --- Repayment of debts --- Repayment rate --- Repayment rates --- Responsible investment --- Restructuring --- Revenue --- Risk --- Saving --- Savings --- Savings account --- Savings accounts --- Services --- Share --- Shares --- Socially responsible investment --- Sovereign debt --- Stocks --- Student debt --- Student loans --- Trade --- Usury laws
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