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The reign of Æthelred 'the Unready' (978-1016) is known to us mainly from a series of annals in the Anglo-Saxon Chrolicle, written at or after its close and accordingly conveying an impression of gathering doom as Viking armies ravaged the country and eventually, under the leadership of Swein Forkbeard and Cnut, brought about its conquest. Dr Keynes is here concerned to establish what light the royal diplomas issued in King Æthelred's name throw on this unhappy and notorious period. He first considers the general issues that bear directly on the value of royal diplomas as historical evidence for all periods of Anglo-Saxon history, discussing the circumstances under which these documents have been preserved, the techniques available for their criticism, and the arrangements that existed for their production. He then demonstrates how a detailed analysis of Æthelred's diplomas can transform our understanding of this troubled reign. On a practical level they provide invaluable evidence on the operation of royal government, and on a personal level they afford a remarkable insight into the relations between the king and his councillors, suggesting a picture of political manoeuvring and court intrigue which compensates for the chronicler's emphasis on the struggle against the marauding Vikings. By placing the familiar account of incessant warfare in the context of these domestic affairs it becomes possible for the first time to see the reign in its true perspective.

Anglo-Saxons --- Kings and rulers --- Ethelred --- Great Britain --- History --- Sources --- -Saxons --- Ethelred II, King of England --- England --- Charters, grants, privileges. --- -Congresses. --- Kings and rulers. --- Sources. --- -Kings and rulers --- Æthelred --- Ethelred, --- Aethelred, --- Angleterre --- Anglii︠a︡ --- Inghilterra --- Engeland --- Inglaterra --- Anglija --- England and Wales --- Arts and Humanities --- Anglo-Saxons - Kings and rulers --- Ethelred - II, - King of England, - 968?-1016 --- Great Britain - History - Ethelred II, 979-1016 - Sources

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From the battle of Maldon in 991 during the reign of Æethelred (the Unready), England was invaded by Scandinavian armies of increasing size and ferocity. Swein Forkbeard, king of Denmark, played a significant part in these invasions, which culminated in the domination of England and the long reign of his son, Cnut. This analysis of the invasions demonstrates beyond doubt that Æthelred was no indolent and worthless king who bribed invading Vikings to go away: his relationship with the Scandinavian armies was more complex and more interesting than has been supposed. It is equally apparent that Swein was more than a marauding Viking adventurer: he was a sophisticated politician who laid the foundations for a great northern empire which was ruled by his descendents for many years after his death. New insight into this exciting period of English history is gained by focusing on the activities of Swein Forkbeard and, after his death in 1014, the Danish warlord Thorkell the Tall, both outstanding warriors and political leaders of what is sometimes called 'the Second Viking Age'. Many factors leading to the invasions and conquest are investigated through a critical analysis of the chronology of events, an explanation of the economic background, plotting the itineraries of the Scandinavian armies, and a fresh examination of the sources, including the 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', the 'Encomium', and 'John of Worcester's Chronicle'. IAN HOWARD has a PhD from Manchester University and is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. After a career in industry and commerce, he has returned to full-time research and has produced several papers covering a variety of aspects of early medieval history.

Danes --- Danois --- History --- Histoire --- Sweyn, --- Ethelred --- Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- Invasions. --- Invasions --- Sweyn --- Ethelred II --- England --- To 1500 --- Ethelred II, 979-1016 --- Danish people --- Ethnology --- Scandinavians --- Æthelred --- Ethelred, --- Aethelred, --- Souvain, --- Svein, --- Sveinn, --- Sven, --- Svend, --- Swein, --- Danish Conquest. --- England. --- Medieval History. --- Swein Forkbeard. --- Viking Invasions.

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Dit boek gaat over de spirituele theologie en psychologie van een monnik, die leefde in de twaalfde eeuw, geboren in 1110 als zoon van een priester, en uiteindelijk stierf als abt van een van de grootste abdijen van de nieuwe cisterciënzer orde in Yorkshire, Rievaulx. Aelerd schreef een aantal historische werken en biografieën, maar is vooral bekend door zijn spirituele geschriften, zoals "De spiegel van de liefde" en "Over de geestelijke vriendschap". In zijn werk toont hij zich een meester in het geestelijk leven en een meester in taalgebruik. In tegenstelling tot de monniken van de Egyptische woestijn, wees hij op het belang van emotie en vriendschap. Dit laatste bepaalt mede de actualiteitswaarde van Aelerds werk voor onze tijd, met zijn groeiende aandacht voor gevoelens en emotionele drijfveren.

Christian spirituality --- Aelred of Rievaulx --- Dieu--Philosophie --- Filosofische theologie --- God--Filosofie --- Godsleer [Wijsgerige ] --- Philosophical theology --- Theologie [Filosofische ] --- Theology [Philosophical ] --- Théologie philosophique --- Wijsgerige godsleer --- Wijsgerige theologie --- Aelred, --- Rievaulx Abbey (North Yorkshire, England) --- Biography --- Theology --- 12th century --- Spiritualiteit --- Religieus leven --- Kerkgeschiedenis --- middeleeuwen --- Aethelred, --- Ailred, --- Elredo, --- Ethelred, --- Rieval, Elredo de, --- Rievaulx, Aelred of, --- Rievaux, Aelred de, --- Ailredus,

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Aelred, --- Translations into English --- Great Britain --- History --- Sources --- Church history --- Christian saints --- Saints --- Canonization --- Aethelred, --- Ailred, --- Elredo, --- Ethelred, --- Rieval, Elredo de, --- Rievaulx, Aelred of, --- Rievaux, Aelred de, --- England, Northern --- North England --- Northern England --- Ailredus, --- Aelred, - of Rievaulx, Saint, - 1110-1167 - Translations into English --- Great Britain - History - Norman period, 1066-1154 - Sources --- Great Britain - Church history - 12th century - Sources --- Aelred, - of Rievaulx, Saint, - 1110-1167

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The first critical edition of Aelred of Rievaulx's historical and hagiographical works. Aelred’s historical and hagiographical production, which makes him a rather unique figure in the Cistercian panorama of the first generation, is the subject of increasing attention, hampered thus far by the lack of a reliable critical edition of these works. Here for the first time these texts are edited from a collation of the earlier and best manuscripts, accompanied by a biblical and a critical apparatus, each with a concise introduction devoted to the illustration of the manuscript tradition and to the historical and rhetorical background of these texts.

Christian saints --- Ninian, --- Great Britain --- History --- Saints chrétiens --- Biography --- Biographie --- Grande-Bretagne --- Sources --- Histoire --- Christian saints. --- Aelred, --- Manuscripts. --- 1042-1154. --- Great Britain. --- 2 AELREDUS RIEVALLENSIS --- 2 AELREDUS RIEVALLENSIS Godsdienst. Theologie--AELREDUS RIEVALLENSIS --- Godsdienst. Theologie--AELREDUS RIEVALLENSIS --- Saints --- Canonization --- Aethelred, --- Ailred, --- Elredo, --- Ethelred, --- Rieval, Elredo de, --- Rievaulx, Aelred of, --- Rievaux, Aelred de, --- Nynia, --- Christian pastoral theology --- Saints chrétiens --- Ailredus,