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Permafrost is a thermal condition -- its formation, persistence and disappearance are highly dependent on climate. General circulation models predict that, for a doubling of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, mean annual air temperatures may rise up to several degrees over much of the Arctic. In the discontinuous permafrost region, where ground temperatures are within 1-2 degrees of thawing, permafrost will likely ultimately disappear as a result of ground thermal changes associated with global climate warming. Where ground ice contents are high, permafrost degradation will have associated physical impacts. Permafrost thaw stands to have wide-ranging impacts, such as the draining and drying of the tundra, erosion of riverbanks and coastline, and destabilization of infrastructure (roads, airports, buildings, etc.), and including potential implications for ecosystems and the carbon cycle in the high latitudes."Opportunities to Use Remote Sensing in Understanding Permafrost and Related Ecological Characteristics" is the summary of a workshop convened by the National Research Council to explore opportunities for using remote sensing to advance our understanding of permafrost status and trends and the impacts of permafrost change, especially on ecosystems and the carbon cycle in the high latitudes. The workshop brought together experts from the remote sensing community with permafrost and ecosystem scientists. The workshop discussions articulated gaps in current understanding and potential opportunities to harness remote sensing techniques to better understand permafrost, permafrost change, and implications for ecosystems in permafrost areas. This report addresses questions such as how remote sensing might be used in innovative ways, how it might enhance our ability to document long-term trends, and whether it is possible to integrate remote sensing products with the ground-based observations and assimilate them into advanced Arctic system models. Additionally, the report considers the expectations of the quality and spatial and temporal resolution possible through such approaches, and the prototype sensors that are available that could be used for detailed ground calibration of permafrost/high latitude carbon cycle studies.

Permafrost --- Permafrost ecosystems. --- Biotic communities --- Eternally frozen ground --- Ever frozen ground --- Perennially frozen ground --- Pergelisol --- Permanently frozen ground --- Perpetually frozen ground --- Tjale --- Frozen ground --- Remote sensing.

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Russia (Federation) --- Siberia, Western (Russia) --- Russie --- Sibérie occidentale (Russie) --- History --- Histoire --- Sibérie occidentale (Russie) --- Permafrost --- Eternally frozen ground --- Ever frozen ground --- Perennially frozen ground --- Pergelisol --- Permanently frozen ground --- Perpetually frozen ground --- Tjale --- Frozen ground --- Siberie (russie) --- Descriptions et voyages

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Drawing from a decade-long collaboration between Japan and Russia, this important volume presents the first major synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of the coniferous forests growing on permafrost at high latitudes. It presents ecological data for a region long inaccessible to most scientists, and raises important questions about the global carbon balance as these systems are affected by the changing climate. Making up around 20% of the entire boreal forests of the northern hemisphere, these ‘permafrost forest ecosystems’ are subject to particular constraints in terms of temperature, nutrient availability, and root space, creating exceptional ecosystem characteristics not known elsewhere. This authoritative text explores their diversity, structure, dynamics and physiology. It provides a comparison of these forests in relation to boreal forests elsewhere, and concludes with an assessment of the potential responses of this unique biome to climate change. The book will be invaluable to advanced students and researchers interested in boreal vegetation, forest ecology, silviculture and forest soils, as well as to researchers into climate change and the global carbon balance.

Larches --- Forest ecology --- Biotic communities --- Permafrost --- Forests and forestry --- Larch --- Larix --- Eternally frozen ground --- Ever frozen ground --- Perennially frozen ground --- Pergelisol --- Permanently frozen ground --- Perpetually frozen ground --- Tjale --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Life sciences. --- Ecology. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant ecology. --- Forestry. --- Soil science. --- Soil conservation. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Terrestial Ecology. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Frozen ground --- Population biology --- Pinaceae --- Forest ecosystems

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Permafrost Hydrology systematically elucidates the roles of seasonally and perennially frozen ground on the distribution, storage and flow of water. Cold regions of the World are subject to mounting development which significantly affects the physical environment. Climate change, natural or human-induced, reinforces the impacts. Knowledge of surface and ground water processes operating in permafrost terrain is fundamental to planning, management and conservation. This book is an indispensable reference for libraries and researchers, an information source for practitioners, and a valuable text for training the next generations of cold region scientists and engineers.

Hydrology. --- Permafrost. --- Hydrology --- Permafrost --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Geography --- Eternally frozen ground --- Ever frozen ground --- Perennially frozen ground --- Pergelisol --- Permanently frozen ground --- Perpetually frozen ground --- Tjale --- Earth sciences. --- Hydrogeology. --- Physical geography. --- Climate change. --- Soil science. --- Soil conservation. --- Earth Sciences. --- Climate Change. --- Physical Geography. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Frozen ground --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Climatic changes. --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Groundwater --- Global environmental change