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Estado, El --- Political sociology. --- Sociología política. --- Aspectos sociales --- América Latina --- México --- Política y gobierno --- Aspectos sociales.

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This volume addresses the question as to where international law fits into the making and implementation of foreign policy during an international crisis in which a State is considering and / or may actually use force. Empirical literature on the law-State behaviour relationship during international crises has not been able to answer this question adequately. The limitations of existing empirical literature are identified as stemming from the limitations of existing positivist, realist and functionalist theoretical explanations of the law-State behaviour relationship. These theoretical approaches, which underpin existing empirical literature on international crises, assume that international law matches what is referred to in this book as its ‘rule-book’ image. This is the notion of international law as a finite set of objective, politically neutral, rules that can be applied so as to distinguish objectively between legal and illegal action. The rule-book image of international law does not match reality, but the assumption that it is true underpins both theoretical literature and references to international law in political rhetoric. The rule-book image and the reality of international law have been reconciled within the theory of International law as Ideology (ILI) as developed by Shirley Scott. This book hypothesises that an ILI perspective offers a better explanation of the law-State behaviour relationship during international crises than rival explanations grounded in positivism, realism or functionalism. Four case studies of State behaviour—of the US, the Soviet Union and the PRC during the Korean War (1950-1953), of the US and UK during the Suez crisis (1956), of the US and the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) and of the US and an alliance of Latin American States during the Dominican Republic crisis (1965)—are used to test the hypothesis. The findings confirm the greater explanatory efficacy of ILI and demonstrate that the significance of international law to foreign policy decision-making during international crises is more than that of deterring the use of force as is assumed by rival theoretical approaches grounded in a rule-book image of international law. International law is shown to serve as a vehicle for inter-State competition during international crises.

International law --- State, The. --- Derecho internacional --- Estado, El. --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Political aspects. --- Aspectos políticos. --- Diplomacy --- State, The --- Peace-building --- International relations --- Diplomatie --- Droit international --- Etat --- Consolidation de la paix --- Relations internationales --- Aspect politique

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"Este libro propone una nueva mirada de la historia del poder Ejecutivo en el siglo XIX en América Latina, vinculándolo a los procesos tempranos de formación del Estado. Se trata de un estudio con un enfoque histórico comparado de tres casos: México, Venezuela y Argentina. El periodo analizado abarca desde el inicio de los movimientos de independencia americanos en 1810 hasta mediados de 1820, década en la que el presidencialismo se instauró por primera vez en estas naciones. La presidencia triunfó sobre otras alternativas porque los legisladores la consideraron la institución más adecuada para satisfacer, al mismo tiempo, las exigencias propias del proceso de formación del Estado poscolonial y posrevolucionario, y la creciente necesidad de legitimación liberal. Este profundo entrelazamiento histórico entre presidencialismo y Estado tiene implicaciones contemporáneas: nos permite comprender la persistencia de una institución presidencial fuerte, a pesar de su impacto negativo sobre la democracia constitucional en la región. La obra, entonces, se estructura sobre dos ejes que convergen en la creación del presidencialismo en la década de 1820. Por un lado, los diferentes contextos que facilitaron su surgimiento: las revoluciones, los mundos de las ideas, la formación del Estado y las relaciones internacionales. Por otro, se analiza cómo el presidencialismo superó a otras opciones tales como los ejecutivos plurales, la monarquía, la dictadura, el caudillismo y el cesarismo. Mientras que en la revolucionaria década de 1810 el proceso de formación del Estado y las relaciones internacionales cancelaron la posibilidad de formas colegiadas del poder Ejecutivo, la política revolucionaria y la legitimación liberal invalidaron las alternativas monárquicas y autoritarias, dejando a los legisladores con la opción del modelo presidencial liberal"--Página 4 de la cubierta.

Executive power --- State, The --- Sovereignty --- Presidents --- Government - Central & South America --- Government - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Presidency --- Heads of state --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- Self-determination, National --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Emergency powers --- Power, Executive --- Implied powers (Constitutional law) --- Separation of powers --- History --- Law and legislation --- Powers --- Presidencialismo --- Estado, El --- Soberanía --- Historia --- Latin America --- Politics and government