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Italian performance in the First World War has been generally disparaged or ignored compared to that of the armies on the Western Front, and troop morale in particular has been seen as a major weakness of the Italian army. In this first book-length study of Italian morale in any language, Vanda Wilcox reassesses Italian policy and performance from the perspective both of the army as an institution and of the ordinary soldiers who found themselves fighting a brutally hard war. Wilcox analyses and contextualises Italy's notoriously hard military discipline along with leadership, training methods and logistics before considering the reactions of the troops and tracing the interactions between institutions and individuals. Restoring historical agency to soldiers often considered passive and indifferent, Wilcox illustrates how and why Italians complied, endured or resisted the army's demands through balancing their civilian and military identities.

Morale --- Esprit de corps --- Mind, State of --- State of mind --- Social psychology --- History --- Italy. --- Sardinia (Kingdom). --- Regio Esercito --- Military life. --- 1.Verdenskrig 1914-1918 --- Krigshistorie

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"God is dead," proclaimed Nietzsche; meaning that neither nature nor the supernatural can provide any solid ground on which to base rules or standards of human conduct. To this dictum, which is consciously or unconsciously accepted by many people today, the author of this book takes strong exception. There are, he believes, rational grounds for ethical standards, for an "art of living" the good life; and he defends this thesis with arguments derived from the great Greek philosophers but focused on problems of modern living. Writing in non-technical language, the author acknowledges his debt to Aristotle (and also Socrates and Plato), but his purpose is not merely to restate Aristotle's ideas but "to use him in a modern effort to set forth and justify a rational system of ethics." Mr. Veatch makes short shrift of modern philosophical writers who merely analyze the language of ethics but disclaim any concern with its content, and he vigorously refutes objections to his position made by relativists, behaviorists and utilitarians. Existentialists, on the other hand, he finds closer to the search for a rational ethic than is commonly supposed. While his discussion centers on ethics, he acknowledges the important role of religion in human conduct. Thoughtful readers and students will welcome this attractive and intelligible presentation of the case foe a realistic ethics in modern life.

Morale. --- Ethics. --- Aristote, --- Aristotle. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Esprit de corps --- Mind, State of --- State of mind --- Social psychology

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Quel est donc le statut, quelle est la «consistance» de ces discours envahissants qui traitent aujourd'hui d'éthique ou qui se réclament de l'éthique? Quel rôle ces discours jouent-ils dans la société?

Ethics. --- Social ethics. --- Responsibility. --- Morale. --- Morale sociale. --- Responsabilité. --- Accountability --- Moral responsibility --- Obligation --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Responsabilite. --- Ethics --- Supererogation --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Philosophy --- Values --- Esprit de corps --- Mind, State of --- State of mind --- Social psychology

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Lt Col John J. Zentner's The Art of Wing Leadership and Aircrew Morale in Combat addresses the role that the air force wing commander plays in affecting the level of aircrew morale during combat. More specifically, Colonel Zentner's study seeks to identify and define those unique characteristics associated with leading airmen that sustain aircrew morale in the face of significant losses.Colonel Zentner defines aircrew morale as the enthusiasm and persistence with which an aviator flies combat missions. He then offers three historical case studies to establish a framework within which aircrew morale can be assessed. The first case study is of Maj Adolf Galland and Jagdgeschwader 26 during the Battle of Britain. The second case study considers Lt Col Joseph Laughlin and the 362d Fighter Group during the invasion of France in the summer of 1944. The third case study examines Col James R. McCarthy and the 43d Strategic Wing during Operation Linebacker II. Drawing heavily on the results of questionnaires and personal interviews, each case study is focused on the importance that aircrews ascribed to three general areas: individual needs, group cohesion, and unit esprit de corps.Colonel Zentner concludes that aircrew control over development of combat tactics was the single most important element affecting morale. This finding supports one of the fundamental truths about the employment of airpower, centralized control and decentralized execution that has become embedded in the airman's culture. In each of the three cases studied by the author, morale generally improved when the wing commander either displayed a personal flair for tactical innovation or allowed his subordinates to become innovative. Conversely, morale declined when higher headquarters placed burdensome and unsound restrictions on aircrew tactics.

Air warfare --- Flight crews --- Leadership --- Morale --- Esprit de corps --- Mind, State of --- State of mind --- Social psychology --- Aerial strategy --- Aerial tactics --- Aerial warfare --- Air strategy --- Air tactics --- Aeronautics, Military --- War --- Air power --- Airplanes, Military --- Air crews --- Aircraft crews --- Aircrews --- Airplanes --- Flying personnel --- Aircraft occupants --- Airlines --- Crews --- Employees

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Dealing with a diverse set of problems in practical and theoretical ethics, these fourteen essays, three of them previously unpublished, reconfirm Joel Feinberg's leading position in the field of legal philosophy. With a clarity and humor that will be familiar to readers of his other works, Feinberg writes on topics including "wrongful life" suits in the law of torts, or whether there is any sense in the remark that a person is so badly off that he would be better off not existing at all; the morality of abortion; educational options; free expression; civil disobedience; and the duty of easy rescue in criminal law. He continues with a three-part defense of moral rights in the abstract, a discussion of voluntary euthanasia, and an inquiry into arguments of various kinds for not granting legal rights in enforcement of a person's acknowledged moral rights. This collection concludes with two essays dealing with concepts used in appraising the whole of a person's life: absurdity and self-fulfillment, and their interplay.

Ethics. --- Social ethics. --- Ethics --- Social ethics --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Aristotle. --- Bentham, Jeremy. --- Blackstone, Sir William. --- Burns, Robert. --- Camus, Albert. --- Chafee, Zechariah. --- Donnelly, Matthew. --- Ely, John. --- First Amendment. --- Jefferson, Thomas. --- Kamisar, Yale. --- Nagel, Thomas. --- abusable discretion. --- achievement. --- autonomy. --- child custody. --- claim rights. --- conventional morality. --- counterfactual test. --- due process. --- erring on the safe side. --- euthanasia. --- fair play, obligation of. --- futility. --- good Samaritan. --- grievance. --- habit. --- harm principle. --- human nature. --- immunities. --- incongruity. --- irony. --- laughter. --- legal powers. --- linguistic conventions. --- merits of individual cases. --- moral claims. --- negligence. --- optimism. --- organ donation. --- Morale sociale. --- Morale. --- Esprit de corps --- Mind, State of --- State of mind --- Social psychology