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Atomare Schwelle. --- Atomkrieg. --- Atomstrategie. --- Escalade (science militaire). --- Escalation (Military science). --- Konfliktforschung. --- Military policy. --- Ost-West-Konflikt. --- Police militaire. --- Sicherheitspolitik.
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Nationalism --- Escalation (Military science) --- Nationalisme --- Escalade (Science militaire) --- Africa, Southern --- Afrique australe --- Politics and government. --- Defenses. --- Politique et gouvernement
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The deterrence of armed conflict has been studied intensively for decades, as have escalation dynamics along the path to such conflicts. The deterrence of forms of aggression below the level of armed conflict — such hostile measures as economic coercion, political subversion, and military intimidation — has received much less attention. In this report, the authors investigate how the United States might use its military posture in Europe (specifically, ground forces) as part of a strategy to deter these Russian malign activities. The authors identify how forward posture could deter hostile measures through signaling the United States' commitment to its allies and partners, providing irregular capabilities for those partners and allies threatened with political subversion, providing conventional capabilities to neutralize hostile powers' coercion attempts, and providing support for other instruments of U.S. power, such as sanctions. However, forward posture can also lead to an escalation in competitor activities, increasing their sense of threat, incentivizing partners to undertake aggression at levels below armed conflict, and incentivizing third parties to act in ways that increase the likelihood of confrontation. The authors propose ways to calibrate U.S. forward posture to minimize such risks while enhancing deterrence. An Executive Summary of this report is also available.
Deterrence (Strategy) --- Escalation (Military science) --- Dissuasion (Stratégie) --- Escalade (Science militaire) --- United States --- Russia (Federation) --- États-Unis --- Europe --- Military relations --- Relations militaires
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How can an escalation of conflict lead to negotiation? In this systematic study, Zartman and Faure bring together European and American scholars to examine this important topic and to define the point where the concepts and practices of escalation and negotiation meet. Political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, and war-making and peace-making strategists, among others, examine the various forms escalation can take and relate them to conceptual advances in the analysis of negotiation. They argue that structures, crises, turning points, demands, readiness and ripeness can often define the conditions where the two concepts can meet and the authors take this opportunity to offer lessons for theory and practice. By relating negotiation to conflict escalation, two processes that have traditionally been studied separately, this book fills a significant gap in the existing knowledge and is directly relevant to the many ongoing conflicts and conflict patterns in the world today.
Mediation, International. --- Conflict management. --- Crisis management. --- Escalation (Military science) --- Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes. --- International relations. --- Médiation internationale --- Gestion des conflits --- Gestion de crise --- Escalade (Science militaire) --- Négociations diplomatiques dans les conflits internationaux --- Relations internationales --- Mediation, International --- Conflict management --- Crisis management --- Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes --- International relations --- Médiation internationale --- Négociations diplomatiques dans les conflits internationaux --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Negotiations in international disputes --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- Military art and science --- War --- Crises --- Management of crises --- Management --- Problem solving --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Negotiation --- Social conflict --- Conciliation, International --- International conciliation --- International mediation --- Mediation --- Arbitration (International law) --- Law and legislation
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