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Ergot alkaloids produced by fungi have a basic chemical structure but different chemical moieties at substituent sites resulting in various forms of alkaloids that are distinguishable from one another. Since the ergoline ring structure found in ergot alkaloids is similar to that of biogenic amines (neurotransmitters), a variety of physiological effects can result after ingestion. Research involving ergot alkaloids is an increasing important global issue as more governments pass laws that limit permissible levels of ergot alkaloids in both foodstuffs and feedstuffs. Regardless of whether these compounds are found directly in foodstuffs or in feed/plants given to forage animals (i.e., cattle, sheep, horses, and goats), introduction of these compounds can complicate the food supply. In addition, toxicosis resulting from alkaloids can be a costly hindrance, with mounting annual production losses associated with forage-animal production systems that impact other agricultural and food based industries. Recent advances for the analysis of these compounds in different matrices as well as the understanding the role these compounds play in biological pathways have begun to help address the issue. The proposed Research Topic “Recent Investigations of Ergot Alkaloids Incorporated into Plant and/or Animal Systems“ will develop a forum where different groups can share recent data where their investigations could include (but are not limited to) how ergot alkaloids: i) influence specific biologic pathways in plant and/or animal systems when introduced, ii) were analyzed in either in biological matrices (e.g. food / feed, blood, urine, etc.), and/or iii) are distributed throughout materials, specifically in plant and/or animal tissues. Each publication must include a description of the methodologies used with the results gained. Inter- and multi-disciplinary approach to this field is desired and would be beneficial in this Research Topic.
Ergot alkaloids. --- Food supply --- Adrenergic alpha blockers --- Alkaloids --- Ergot --- Food control --- Produce trade --- Agriculture --- Food security --- Single cell proteins --- Toxicosis --- fungus --- Animal science --- Ergot Alkaloids --- Ergotism --- plant science
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Pharmacognosy --- Ergot Alkaloids. --- Ergot. --- Alkaloids. --- Alcaloïdes --- Ergot Alkaloids --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Pharmacology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Pharmacology, Clinical --- Toxicology --- 547.94 --- Clavine Alkaloids --- Alkaloids, Clavine --- Alkaloids, Ergot --- Natural alkaloids. Alkaloids of unknown composition --- Ergot alkaloids --- 547.94 Natural alkaloids. Alkaloids of unknown composition --- Ergot alkaloids. --- Alcaloïdes
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Brain chemistry --- Brain --- Brain --- Ergot alkaloids --- Aging --- Diseases --- Age factors --- Physiological effect
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Ergot Alkaloids --- Ochratoxins --- Trichothecenes --- 615.9 --- 615.918:582.28 --- 632.95.024 --- 614.878 --- 614.833 --- $?$90/12
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Bien avant les années 1960, qui ont marqué l'invasion du LSD dans les sphères artistiques et hippies, l'ergot de seigle, champignon parasite dont est issue cette puissante drogue hallucinogène, a causé des millions de morts au cours des siècles. Alors que le pain a longtemps constitué la base de l'alimentation, sa consommation n'a pas toujours été sans risques. L'ingestion de seigle contaminé est à l'origine du terrible mal des ardents, occasionnant des souffrances insoutenables pour les malades, rongés par la gangrène ou pris de convulsions. La toxicité de l'ergot a été élucidée au XVIIIe siècle, et ses principes actifs, les alcaloïdes, découverts au XXe siècle. Après des décennies d'expérimentations, on en a tiré une drogue psychoactive redoutable, le LSD. Des mystères d'Éleusis à l'affaire du pain maudit de Pont-Saint-Esprit, Jean Vitaux restitue et analyse l'histoire insolite de la pire mycotoxicose que l'humanité a jamais connue.
Ergot de seigle --- Ergotisme --- LSD (drogue) --- Champignons vénéneux --- Champignons hallucinogènes --- Alcaloïdes de l'ergot --- Hallucinogènes --- Mycotoxicoses --- Maladies. --- Emploi en thérapeutique. --- Toxicologie. --- Toxicologie --- Effets psychotropes. --- Aspect médical. --- Physiopathologie. --- Ergot. --- Mycotoxicoses. --- Ergotism. --- LSD (Drug) --- Mushrooms, Poisonous. --- Mushrooms, Hallucinogenic. --- Ergot alkaloids.
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This book presents the state of the art in the synthesis very complex saccharide structures, written by leading scientists at the forefront of this rapidly growing field. Reflecting the particular significance in recent years of efficient and selective procedures employing enzymes for preparative purposes in the carbohydrate field, a major proportion of the articles focus on these biocatalytic methods. In addition, recent strategies for the construction of unusual carbohydrates structures employing novel and creative methodologies are highlighted. Further, particular emphasis is placed on very complex saccharide structures as well as on special solutions to problems that are particularly challenging.
Carbohydrates --- Oligosaccharides --- Glycoconjugates --- Glycoconjugués --- Synthesis. --- Synthèse. --- Chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Biochemistry. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Glycoconjugués --- Synthèse. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Organic chemistry --- Composition --- Carbohydrates - Synthesis. --- Oligosaccharides - Synthesis. --- Glycoconjugates - Synthesis. --- OLIGOSACCHARIDES --- OLIGOSACCHARIDES, CONJUGATES --- GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES --- LIPASES --- SIALIC ACIDS --- GLYCOSYLATION --- GLYCOPEPTIDES --- ERGOT ALKALOIDS --- PREPARATION
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"Now synonymous with Sixties counterculture, LSD actually entered the American consciousness via the mainstream. Time and Life, messengers of lumpen-American respectability, trumpeted its grand arrival in a postwar landscape scoured of alluring descriptions of drug use while outlets across the media landscape piggybacked on their coverage with stories by turns sensationalized and glowing. Acid Hype offers the untold tale of LSD's wild journey from Brylcreem and Ivory soap to incense and peppermints. As Stephen Siff shows, the early attention lavished on the drug by the news media glorified its use in treatments for mental illness but also its status as a mystical--yet legitimate--gateway to exploring the unconscious mind. Siff's history takes readers to the center of how popular media hyped psychedelic drugs in a constantly shifting legal and social environment, producing an intricate relationship between drugs and media experience that came to define contemporary pop culture. It also traces how the breathless coverage of LSD gave way to a textbook moral panic, transforming yesterday's refined seeker of truths into an acid casualty splayed out beyond the fringe of polite society. "--
SOCIAL SCIENCE / Popular Culture. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Media Studies. --- LSD (Drug) --- Hallucinogenic drugs --- Drugs and mass media. --- Acid (Drug) --- Lysergic acid diethylamide --- Lysergide --- Diethylamine --- Ergot alkaloids --- Serotonin --- Consciousness-expanding drugs --- Hallucinogens --- Mind-distorting drugs --- Psychedelic drugs --- Psychotomimetic drugs --- Psychotropic drugs --- Drug abuse in mass media --- Mass media and drugs --- Drug abuse --- Mass media --- Social aspects --- History --- Antagonists
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Crop contamination by mycotoxins is a global problem that poses significant economic burdens due to a number of factors, including the food/feed losses that are caused by reduced production rates; the resulting adverse effects on human and animal health and productivity; and the trade losses associated with the costs incurred by inspection, sampling, and analysis before and after shipments. In this scenario, the development of fit-for-purpose analytical methods for regulated and (re)-emerging mycotoxins continues to be a dynamic research area. Some of the current trends in this research area are presented in this book. The collected contributions address either the need for improved methods for mycotoxin detection addressed by new or incoming regulation (ergot alkaloids and Alternaria toxins) as well as methods for the detection of multiple mycotoxins. New approaches to enhance the performance of well-established methodologies, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA), are also addressed.
Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- FPIA --- mycotoxin --- OTA --- detection methods --- food safety --- monoclonal antibody (mAb) --- tracer --- HPLC --- trichothecenes --- zearalenone --- Fusarium toxins --- wheat --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- official control --- collaborative study --- ergot alkaloids --- sum parameter method --- hydrazinolysis --- esterification --- swine feed --- dairy feed --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- aflatoxin B1 --- recombinant AflR gene --- VICAM --- I-ELISA --- peanut --- wheat flour --- milk powder --- LC-MS/MS method --- cereal products --- occurrence --- alternariol --- antibody --- ELISA --- hapten design --- immunoassay --- linker site --- FPIA --- mycotoxin --- OTA --- detection methods --- food safety --- monoclonal antibody (mAb) --- tracer --- HPLC --- trichothecenes --- zearalenone --- Fusarium toxins --- wheat --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- official control --- collaborative study --- ergot alkaloids --- sum parameter method --- hydrazinolysis --- esterification --- swine feed --- dairy feed --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- aflatoxin B1 --- recombinant AflR gene --- VICAM --- I-ELISA --- peanut --- wheat flour --- milk powder --- LC-MS/MS method --- cereal products --- occurrence --- alternariol --- antibody --- ELISA --- hapten design --- immunoassay --- linker site
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