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Encounters between cultures are also encounters between knowledge systems. This volume brings together a number of case studies that explore how some knowledge in cultural contact zones becomes transient, evanescent, and ephemeral. The essays examine various aspects of cultural, especially colonial, epistemic exchanges, placing special emphasis on the fate of those knowledges that are not easily appropriated by or translated from one cultural sphere into another and thus remain at the margins of cross-cultural exchanges. In addition, the imposition of colonial power is unthinkable without the strategic deployment and use of knowledge; most colonial states, including those of Germany in the Baltic and in West Africa, were knowledge-acquiring machines - yet, acquisition always includes rejection, detainment and subjugation of recalcitrant epistemes. Bringing together insights from various scholarly disciplines, including literary studies, history, historical anthropology, and political science, the essays in this volume investigate how different or unfamiliar knowledge was, and in some cases still is, disarticulated by being belittled, discredited, and demonized. But they also show the strategies of resilience deployed by subjugated and subaltern people: the ways in which certain materials have escaped the coloniality of knowledge - how fragments and shards of other epistemologies remain inscribed in the polyphony and fuzziness of intercultural documents and archives.

Amerika --- Tibet --- Indien --- Brasilien --- Baltikum --- Afrika --- Kulturkontakt --- Wissensgeschichte --- Wissensarchiv --- Kolonialismus --- Imperialismus --- Postcolonial Studies --- Epochenübergreifend

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Homogenization, Gender and Everyday Life in Pre- and Trans-modern Iran: An Archaeological Reading is actually an effort to investigate the interaction of power structure and gender in the context of everyday life in Iran in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The book pursues two main goals: situating gender in Iranian archaeology and calling for more consideration to daily life in archaeological gender researches. Drawing on a wide range of material culture, textual evidence, statistics and oral accounts, all chapters render the destruction of the everyday life of ordinary people. Events like parties and ceremonies, marriage and kinship, sexual practices, dress codes and even eating and drinking were gently regulated by the surveillance state. Accordingly, the term homogenization in the book's title refers to the policies of the Pahlavi government, the first Iranian modern centralized state. In this way, the book seeks to understand the process of gender and sexual transformation of Iranian society, the process which resulted in the production of deviants and negative gender and sexual lives. Being the first archaeological research on gender by native archaeologists, the authors state the fact that this book investigates the politics of gender while many other aspects of gender remain still uninvestigated.

Gender --- Iran --- Women --- Sociology --- Archeology: Persia --- Persian History --- Iranian History --- Geschlechtergeschichte --- Epochenübergreifend --- Archäologie --- Archäologische Geschlechterforschung

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Encounters between cultures are also encounters between knowledge systems. This volume brings together a number of case studies that explore how some knowledge in cultural contact zones becomes transient, evanescent, and ephemeral. The essays examine various aspects of cultural, especially colonial, epistemic exchanges, placing special emphasis on the fate of those knowledges that are not easily appropriated by or translated from one cultural sphere into another and thus remain at the margins of cross-cultural exchanges. In addition, the imposition of colonial power is unthinkable without the strategic deployment and use of knowledge; most colonial states, including those of Germany in the Baltic and in West Africa, were knowledge-acquiring machines - yet, acquisition always includes rejection, detainment and subjugation of recalcitrant epistemes. Bringing together insights from various scholarly disciplines, including literary studies, history, historical anthropology, and political science, the essays in this volume investigate how different or unfamiliar knowledge was, and in some cases still is, disarticulated by being belittled, discredited, and demonized. But they also show the strategies of resilience deployed by subjugated and subaltern people: the ways in which certain materials have escaped the coloniality of knowledge - how fragments and shards of other epistemologies remain inscribed in the polyphony and fuzziness of intercultural documents and archives.

History / World --- History --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Amerika --- Tibet --- Indien --- Brasilien --- Baltikum --- Afrika --- Kulturkontakt --- Wissensgeschichte --- Wissensarchiv --- Kolonialismus --- Imperialismus --- Postcolonial Studies --- Epochenübergreifend

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Ever since the Gilgamesh epic and Homer's Odyssey, stories of travel and adventure, whether 'fictional', 'factual', or a mix of both, have been crucial to the collective self-definition of human societies. Since the early modern period and the increased frequency of cross-cultural encounters, the literary motif of the journey became a significant ingredient of colonial imagination. The ideology of adventure, crucial to many works of literature, pervades Western discourses of economic expansion and scientific discovery, while anthropologists, seeking to document indigenous story traditions, encountered an oral archive not unlike that of their own. Travelistic texts (by 'culture heroes', explorers, colonial agents, missionaries, scientific explorers, refugees, and foreign visitors) often provide the semantic repertoire for descriptions of 'exotic' spaces and populations. The knowledge gained through physical encounters during journeys to foreign lands often functions to revise inherited ideas about 'cultures' - those of others as well as one's own. The topics 'travel' and 'travel writing' therefore invite us to address questions of reliability and verifiability. This volume brings together experts from diverse disciplines and places around the globe whose work is concerned with the phenomenon and discourse of travel, transculturation, and the cross-cultural production of knowledge. The contributions reflect the recent shift in travel scholarship toward including the study of ideological conflicts within Europe's 'imperial gaze', as well as attempts at tracing the perspective of Europe's 'others', which frequently challenged colonial certainties and claims to intellectual supremacy. Das breite Panorama des Bandes lässt zwei Entwicklungen in der transdisziplinären Auseinandersetzung mit postkolonialer Theorie erkennen: Erstens wenden sich viele Beiträge von der Vorstellung ab, den mobilen Reisenden stünden lokal gebundene "Bereiste"gegenüber.[...] Die Umkehrung des kolonialen Blicks durch die Frage, wie außerhalb Europas Wissen über die Welt gewonnen wurde, hat hier besondere Bedeutung. Zweitens illustrieren mehrere Kapitel, welche Einsichten sich aus einer Abkehr von der pauschalen Verurteilung europäischer Reisetexte als kolonialistisch gewinnen lassen. Auch europäische Reisende der kolonialen Ära fanden sich immer wieder in der prekären Position kultureller Mittler. Dies darf bei aller gebotenen Kritik am ausbeuterischen Charakter des Kolonialismus nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Die Beiträge des Bandes bilden insgesamt sehr gut die Vielfalt der Reiseforschung und die Herausforderungen ab, die sich aus interdisziplinären Dialogen zu diesem Feld des Kulturkontakts ergeben. - Anke Fischer-Kattner auf: sehepunkte.de Das vorliegende Werk erweist sich durch seine vielen Perspektiven als lesenswerte Lektüre, um die Praxis des Reisens und das Berichten über Reisen als raumzeitlich spezifische, hier vor allem westliche Formen des Welt-Aneignens zu reflektieren. - Sebastian Dorsch, in: Historische Zeitschrift 307 (2018), S. 443.

Travel --- Landscapes --- Travel Literature --- Carolus Linnaeus --- Adelbert von Chamisso --- Latin America --- Travelogue --- Lucio V. Mansilla --- Désiré Charnay --- Indians --- Early Modern New France --- James Isham --- North Africa --- Early Modern Japan --- Marco Polo --- Johann Gottfried Seume --- Kazimierz Nowak --- Tourist --- Epochenübergreifend

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The volume attempts to triangulate three vibrant discourses of our times: It combines postcolonial and decolonial readings of cultural conflicts with assessments of ecological dimensions of those conflicts, as well as their significance within discourses on natural and cultural world heritage. The examples from four continents range from the medieval Middle East - already shaken by a convergence of ecological and social disaster - to modern imaginary constructions of medieval Vikings, the persistence of Indigenous knowledge in the Arctic, literary poetics of patrimony, and the heritage politics of Mediterranean urban architecture. Authors ask which strategies societies in developing countries use to defend their cultural and ecological uniqueness and integrity while being penetrated by environmental hazards and hegemonizing 'Western' forms of heritage culture; or how western societies construct their own past in ways that are sometimes reminiscent of traditional imaginations of a pre-modern past, petrified eternally in an 'ideal' moment of time. Colonial and historical forms of 'heritagization' of human and non-human environments, the essays show, answer to pressing emotional needs for a sense of stability. But the desire for nostalgia, frequently commodified, tends to collide with the similarly pressing need for political and economic survival in a rapidly changing world and in the face of accelerating extraction practices. Without being able to solve this dilemma, the volume makes an interdisciplinary contribution to taking intellectual stake of the asymmetrical politics and poetics of heritage and collective cultural memory. A strength of the volume is that it shows that the relationships between (de)colonialism, the environment and heritage are both fertile and fragile. Like the relationships between humans and nonhumans in indigenous traditions, they must be thoughtfully tended and cultivated. [...] The volume sheds light on the complexity and richness of heritage and the environment; it raises many urgent questions and provides a few possible solutions. It will appeal to anthropologists, folklorists, sociologists, geographers, environmentalists and, indeed, to anyone interested in understanding our fluid, multicultural world. - Tiziana Soverino, in: Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 1/2019, S. 109f.

David Lowenthal --- Ann Stoler --- 18. Jahrhundert --- 20. Jahrhundert --- 21. Jahrhundert --- Europa --- USA --- Lateinamerika --- Kanada --- Naher Osten --- Afrika --- Ökologie --- postkoloniale Studien --- Weltkulturerbe --- Rohstoffabbau --- Erinnerungskultur --- Patrimonie --- Epochenübergreifend --- Natur/Kultur