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Frege’s puzzle concerning belief reports has been in the middle of the discussion on semantics and pragmatics of attitude reports: The intuition behind the opacity does not seem to be consistent with the thesis of semantic innocence according to which the semantic value of proper names is nothing but their referent. Main tasks of this book include providing truth-conditional content of belief reports. Especially, the focus is on semantic values of proper names. The key aim is to extend Crimmins’s basic idea of semantic pretense and the introduction of pleonastic entities proposed by Schiffer. They enable us to capture Frege’s puzzle in the analysis without giving up semantic innocence. To reach this conclusion, two issues are established. First, based on linguistic evidence, the frame of belief reports functions adverbially rather than relationally. Second, the belief ascriptions, on which each belief report is made, must be analyzed in terms of the measurement-theoretic analogy.
Propositional attitudes. --- Pragmatics. --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Thought and thinking --- Philosophy --- Belief. --- Epistemic Modal Logic. --- Frege. --- Puzzle.
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In everyday life we must often reach decisions while knowing that the outcome will not only depend on our own choice, but also on the choices of others. These situations are the focus of epistemic game theory. Unlike classical game theory, it explores how people may reason about their opponents before they make their final choice in a game. Packed with examples and practical problems based on stories from everyday life, this is the first textbook to explain the principles of epistemic game theory. Each chapter is dedicated to one particular, natural way of reasoning. The book then shows how each of these ways of reasoning will affect the final choices that can rationally be made and how these choices can be found by iterative procedures. Moreover, it does so in a way that uses elementary mathematics and does not presuppose any previous knowledge of game theory.
Operational research. Game theory --- Game theory --- Epistemic logic --- Game theory. --- Epistemic logic. --- Epistemic modal logic --- Knowledge, Logic of --- Logic of knowledge --- Modal logic, Epistemic --- Modality (Logic) --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- Mathematical models --- Mathematics --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics
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In diesem Buch wird der Begriff der Zustimmung in seinen unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen in drei Teilen herausgearbeitet (Teil I: Zustimmung in der Philosophie der Neuzeit und in der traditionellen Logik, Teil II: Zustimmung in der modernen Philosophie, Teil III: Die logische Analyse der Zustimmung). Der neuzeitlichen Tradition in der Verwendung des Zustimmungsbegriffs folgend, erfolgt seine Analyse in Verbindung mit epistemischen und sprechakttheoretischen Begriffen wie Glaube und Überzeugung, Fürwahrhalten, Urteil, Akzeptation und Behauptung. Im Hauptteil des Buchs wird im Rahmen der Unterscheidung zwischen der Logik innerer Zustimmung und der Logik äußerer Zustimmung das Verhältnis von Zustimmung, Widerspruch und Folgerung sowie von Zustimmungsfolgerung und Relevanz dargestellt. Hier erfolgt die Behandlung der Zustimmung in formalisierten Sprachen, wodurch sich eine präzise und die logischen Konsequenzen klar umfassende Explikation des Zustimmungsbegriffs ergibt. Die Studie verfolgt das Ziel, Anwendungen der epistemischen Logik in der Philosophie des Geistes, der Erkenntnistheorie, der Argumentationstheorie und der künstlichen Intelligenz zu fördern.
Epistemic logic. --- Epistemics --- Logic, Modern. --- Social epistemology. --- Epistemology, Social --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Social role --- Knowledge, Sociology of --- General semantics --- Modern logic --- Epistemic modal logic --- Knowledge, Logic of --- Logic of knowledge --- Modal logic, Epistemic --- Modality (Logic) --- History.
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