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Environmental issues are an increasing concern, for our present and future generations. Today, the main governmental tool used to fight against pollution in our economies is environmental taxation, used in various ways and in different proportions by each country. However, only a few studies have
been conducted with concrete evidence at the European level. Therefore, this Master’s thesis16 presents an empirical analysis of the effectiveness of
transport, pollution and resources, and energy taxes on the level of CO2 emissions in Europe. The System Generalized Method of Moments is used
in an incremental method, additional explanatory variables being included successively. For this purpose, national data on 32 countries over 25 years,
from 1995 to 2019, are employed to empirically estimate the relationship between taxes and CO2, while controlling for variables such as GDP, the percentage of energy coming from a renewable source or industrial production. Among the results, it can be observed that environmental taxation indeed negatively impacts the CO2 emissions, as evidence is shown that an increase in transport, pollution or energy taxation reduces CO2 emissions. Coefficients show strong level of statistical significance at the 1% level, meaning that results can be trusted with respect to the data used for the analysis. Therefore, policy recommendations are in order and are ultimately presented
at the end of this paper.

CO2 emissions, environmental taxes, empirical analysis, SGMM --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Domaines particuliers de l'économie (santé, travail, transport...)

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Can a carbon tax reduce inflation volatility? Focusing on fuel excise taxes, this paper provides systematic evidence on their role as a shock absorber that helps mitigating the impact of global oil price shocks on domestic inflation. Exploiting substantial variation in fuel tax rates across 28 OECD countries over the period from 2014 to 2021, a simple idea that a per-unit, specific tax takes up a portion of the product price immune to cost shocks goes a long way toward explaining heterogeneity in the degree of oil price pass-through into domestic inflation across countries. A back-of-the-envelope calculation from the estimation results supports its quantitative significance---differences in fuel tax rates could explain about 30% of the variation in annual headline CPI inflation rates observed between the U.S. and U.K. during the 2021 inflation surge.

Deflation --- Environmental Economics: Government Policy --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- Inflation --- Price Level --- Redistributive Effects --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities

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This volume analyses the process and structure of ecotaxes in India to bring forth its rationale, application and incidence on emerging environmental problems on the backdrop of the environmental issues confronted by the Indian economy. Being at infant stage in India, the concept of ecotaxes is plagued with large empirical difficulties. This book provides a holistic understanding of the complexities in the design and implementation of these fiscal instruments at the country level. After elaborating on the theory, history of its applications, the book provides an innovative methodological exercise. It examines the adequacy and relevance of ecotaxation in the Indian context, along with ensuring that the distortions due to the proposed levy are minimised. The incidence of these taxes on the households, the double dividend hypothesis and the effect on competitiveness of the producer are a few of the core themes elaborated upon in this book. This is demonstrated through a linear general equilibrium framework of Environmentally extended Social Accounting Matrix (E-SAM). The book provides material for the researchers and graduate students on the methodological structure of eco-taxes. The proposed methodological intervention could be utilised by the researchers who wish to analyse the macroeconomic impact of any tax through the framework of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Additionally, the process as well as the implications and nuances provided in the book will assist the policy makers to design innovative policies for dealing with environmental issues. The volume also has something for the practitioners by helping them comprehend various effects of these instruments on different stake holders of the economy and thus will be useful as a policy prescription. The three policy scenarios analysed in this study could be considered by the policymakers while attempting to design these instruments in the Indian context and thus ending the extensive reliance on the age old and grossly ineffective Command and Control (CAC) Policies

Environmental impact charge. --- Environmental impact charges --- Eco-taxes --- Ecological taxes --- Ecotaxes --- Effluent charges --- Environmental exploitation charges --- Environmental impact fees --- Environmental taxes --- Green taxes --- Pollution charges --- User charges

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This paper examines the environmental effects of mineral taxes in a framework that recognizes the importance of rates and cumulative externalities and proposes an appropriate corrective tax. It concludes that mineral resources taxation should combine neutral taxes with a dynamic Pigovian type tax proposed in the paper. Such a tax resembles a specific tax plus an element that depends on the amount of remaining reserves. This resemblance means that, in practice, specific taxes may act as proxies for environmental taxes. The paper also points at complementarities and tradeoffs between economic and environmental concerns that could arise in reforming mineral taxes.

Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Environment --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Environmental Economics --- Environmental economics --- Environmental Economics: General --- Environmental impact charges --- Environmental management --- Environmental sciences --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- Environmental taxes --- Natural Resources --- Natural resources --- Non-renewable resources --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Redistributive Effects --- Resource rent tax --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Taxation --- Taxes --- Papua New Guinea

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Explores different ways of controlling pollution through -green-taxes or permits, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. While many countries use environmental taxes, interest in tradable permits is growing.

Carbon tax --- Climate change --- Climate --- Environment --- Environmental Conservation and Protection --- Environmental Economics --- Environmental economics --- Environmental Economics: General --- Environmental impact charges --- Environmental sciences --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- Environmental taxes --- Global Warming --- Greenhouse gas emissions --- Greenhouse gases --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Public finance & taxation --- Redistributive Effects --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Taxation --- United States