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This collection sheds new light on the nature, role and practice of philosophy and science in the renewed Berlin Academy from the mid-1740s to the 1790s, and in so doing provides a robust new instalment of materials for the broader task of constructing a historiography of philosophy at this important Enlightenment institution. The collection ranges from discussions of the roles of philosophy and natural philosophy in the formation of the reinvigorated Academy in the mid-1740s, to conceptions of the correct philosophical methodology to be deployed by the Academy. It provides the first ever study of the nature and arrangement of the new classes of the Academy, and a fresh appraisal of the Academy's methodological eclecticism. One recurring theme is the status of metaphysics: there are studies of both special metaphysics, including the study of the soul; general metaphysics, that is, the study of being in general; and foundational metaphysical principles and concepts, such as Maupertuis's Principle of least action, Euler's concept of space and Lambert's notion of an experimental metaphysics. The collection also takes the study of the Academy in new directions through focused studies of important figures whose writings deserve to be better understood, such as Jean Bernard Merian, Louis de Beausobre, Jean Henri Samuel Formey and Johann Georg Sulzer.

Enlightenment. --- Philosophy and science --- Enlightenment. --- Philosophy and science. --- Maupertuis --- Berlin Academy --- Speculative philosophy --- Enlightenment philosophy --- Eclecticism --- Euler --- The status of metaphysics --- History --- Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin --- Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. --- History --- 1700-1799 --- Germany. --- Maupertuis --- Berlin Academy --- Speculative philosophy --- Enlightenment philosophy --- Eclecticism --- Euler --- The status of metaphysics

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Zbornik vključuje besedila treh temeljnih avtorjev zgodovine znanosti in filozofije francoskega razsvetljenstva. Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707–1788), največji prirodopisec osemnajstega stoletja, se v uvodni razpravi svojega monumentalnega Prirodopisa (1749–1788) zavzema za specifičnost znanosti o življenju, v poglavju “Osel« pa ponudi presenetljivo izdelan pojem evolucije. Newtonski fizik Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698–1759) v Eseju o nastajanju organiziranih teles (1754) sistematično in na eksperimentalni osnovi opredeljuje načela dedovanja in se s tem umešča med napovedovalce Mendlove genetike. Enciklopedist Denis Diderot (1713–1784) v Mislih o interpretaciji narave (1754) v slogu Francisa Bacona analizira položaj znanosti v svojem času kakor tudi logiko znanstvenega raziskovanja samega. Vsi avtorji v središče svoje refleksije postavljajo znanost o življenju – biologijo. Pretresajo njene temelje in metodo ter se zavzemajo za njen razvoj. S tem korenito preoblikujejo znanstveno razumevanje živega ter metode preučevanja živih bitij in življenjskih procesov.

Western philosophy: Enlightenment --- Biology, life sciences --- biology --- Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc --- Diderot, Denis --- Enlightenment --- Enlightenment philosophy --- Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau --- natural sciences --- philosophy of nature --- biologija --- filozofija narave --- naravoslovje --- razsvetljenska filozofija --- razsvetljenstvo

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Die Rassentheorie, die Geschichtsphilosophie, die Ästhetik und die Naturteleologie haben eine Gemeinsamkeit: In all diesen Themengebieten entwickelte Immanuel Kant ein Denken der Zweckmässigkeit. Die Fokussierung auf diesen Strang macht eine Verbindung sichtbar, die von seinen frühen Schriften zu den unterschiedlichen »Rassen« der Menschen hin zur Kritik der Urteilskraft und damit zu seiner Selbstreflexion über die kritische Philosophie reicht. Karin Hostettler arbeitet das mit diesem Denken verbundene Othering und die damit einhergehende Selbstaffirmation heraus und zeigt so die Selbstverortung der kritischen Philosophie in einer kolonialen Episteme auf.

Anti Imperialism. --- Anti-Imperialismus. --- Critical Materiality. --- Culture. --- Deutsche Philosophiegeschichte. --- Freiheit. --- German History of Philosophy. --- Geschichtsphilosophie. --- Immanuel Kant. --- Kritische Materialität. --- Kultur. --- Liberty. --- Natur. --- Nature. --- Natureteleoligy. --- Naturteleologie. --- Philosophical Anthropology. --- Philosophie. --- Philosophische Anthropologie. --- Philosophy of History. --- Philosophy. --- Postcolonial Studies. --- Postcolonialism. --- Postkoloniale Studien. --- Postkolonialismus. --- Racism. --- Rassismus. --- Reason. --- Suitability. --- Vernunft. --- Zweckmäßigkeit. --- PHILOSOPHY / History & Surveys / Modern. --- Aufklärung; Philosophie; Postkoloniale Studien; Immanuel Kant; Geschichtsphilosophie; Zweckmäßigkeit; Natur; Vernunft; Freiheit; Kultur; Anti-Imperialismus; Naturteleologie; Kritische Materialität; Deutsche Philosophiegeschichte; Philosophische Anthropologie; Postkolonialismus; Rassismus; Enlightenment; Philosophy; Postcolonial Studies; Philosophy of History; Suitability; Nature; Reason; Liberty; Culture; Anti Imperialism; Natureteleoligy; Critical Materiality; German History of Philosophy; Philosophical Anthropology; Postcolonialism; Racism