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Energy policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Petroleum reserves --- 338.731 --- AA / International- internationaal --- NBB congres --- Papers presented at a conference held in Cambridge, Mass., 15-16 July 1982 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- Oil reserves --- Oil supply --- Petroleum --- Petroleum supply --- Reserves of petroleum --- Oil fields --- Energy industries --- Oil industries --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Congresses --- Effect of energy costs on&delete& --- Government policy&delete& --- Aardolie. Aardolieschok --- Reserves --- Relation between energy and economics --- Petroleum technology. Petrochemistry --- United States --- Effect of energy costs on --- Government policy --- United States of America

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Taking the papers’ collection of this Special Issue as a whole, it is clear that “Municipal Wastewater Management” is an ongoing field of research with the ability to incorporate current environmental and human health challenges. The use of municipal sewage to monitor COVID-19 virus circulation in communities and the estimation of possible outbreaks, even before clinical cases have been identified, is a fact that justifies this. In light of the Coronavirus pandemic, the interest of the impact that research on municipal wastewater management can have on improving humans’ health and protecting the environment is being rethought. In respect to this, there is an essential need for scientific publications that present varieties of case studies and discuss best practices, so as wastewater treatment plants to be seen not only as sites of pollutants removal but also as places where energy is efficiently used and environmental sustainability is being practiced, in close relation to the needs of the community. Viewed in this way, the papers’ collected in this Special Issue are looking forward to reach a broad readership that can gain awareness and understanding of their topics and be stimulated into future research and collaborations that would improve all stakeholders engagement in promoting a sustainable municipal wastewater management.

sewer corrosion --- biocorrosion --- concrete sewers --- ocean dumping --- sewage sludge --- capping method --- London Protocol --- least cost analysis --- integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems --- modified loofah sponge --- bio-carrier --- microbial density --- municipal wastewater --- Greece --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- history --- policy --- technology trends and applications --- microorganisms --- inactivation --- water matrix --- catalysts --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- resistance genes --- heterogeneous catalytic ozonation --- PZC --- p-CBA --- minerals --- thermal treatment --- micropollutants removal --- hybrid constructed wetland --- public acceptance --- wastewater reuse --- wastewater treatment --- waste-water management --- SCADA --- design optimization --- remote control --- IoT --- cloud computing --- disruptive innovation --- lifecycle --- water prices --- water tariffs --- sanitation taxes --- wastewater treatment costs --- energy costs --- household budgets --- screenings --- fats --- biogas potential --- wastewater treatment plant --- energy utilization --- anaerobic digestion --- n/a

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Taking the papers’ collection of this Special Issue as a whole, it is clear that “Municipal Wastewater Management” is an ongoing field of research with the ability to incorporate current environmental and human health challenges. The use of municipal sewage to monitor COVID-19 virus circulation in communities and the estimation of possible outbreaks, even before clinical cases have been identified, is a fact that justifies this. In light of the Coronavirus pandemic, the interest of the impact that research on municipal wastewater management can have on improving humans’ health and protecting the environment is being rethought. In respect to this, there is an essential need for scientific publications that present varieties of case studies and discuss best practices, so as wastewater treatment plants to be seen not only as sites of pollutants removal but also as places where energy is efficiently used and environmental sustainability is being practiced, in close relation to the needs of the community. Viewed in this way, the papers’ collected in this Special Issue are looking forward to reach a broad readership that can gain awareness and understanding of their topics and be stimulated into future research and collaborations that would improve all stakeholders engagement in promoting a sustainable municipal wastewater management.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- sewer corrosion --- biocorrosion --- concrete sewers --- ocean dumping --- sewage sludge --- capping method --- London Protocol --- least cost analysis --- integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems --- modified loofah sponge --- bio-carrier --- microbial density --- municipal wastewater --- Greece --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- history --- policy --- technology trends and applications --- microorganisms --- inactivation --- water matrix --- catalysts --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- resistance genes --- heterogeneous catalytic ozonation --- PZC --- p-CBA --- minerals --- thermal treatment --- micropollutants removal --- hybrid constructed wetland --- public acceptance --- wastewater reuse --- wastewater treatment --- waste-water management --- SCADA --- design optimization --- remote control --- IoT --- cloud computing --- disruptive innovation --- lifecycle --- water prices --- water tariffs --- sanitation taxes --- wastewater treatment costs --- energy costs --- household budgets --- screenings --- fats --- biogas potential --- wastewater treatment plant --- energy utilization --- anaerobic digestion --- sewer corrosion --- biocorrosion --- concrete sewers --- ocean dumping --- sewage sludge --- capping method --- London Protocol --- least cost analysis --- integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems --- modified loofah sponge --- bio-carrier --- microbial density --- municipal wastewater --- Greece --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- history --- policy --- technology trends and applications --- microorganisms --- inactivation --- water matrix --- catalysts --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- resistance genes --- heterogeneous catalytic ozonation --- PZC --- p-CBA --- minerals --- thermal treatment --- micropollutants removal --- hybrid constructed wetland --- public acceptance --- wastewater reuse --- wastewater treatment --- waste-water management --- SCADA --- design optimization --- remote control --- IoT --- cloud computing --- disruptive innovation --- lifecycle --- water prices --- water tariffs --- sanitation taxes --- wastewater treatment costs --- energy costs --- household budgets --- screenings --- fats --- biogas potential --- wastewater treatment plant --- energy utilization --- anaerobic digestion

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International finance --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economic history --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Petroleum products --- Unemployment --- Inflation (Finance) --- Histoire économique --- Politique économique --- Relations économiques internationales --- Produits pétroliers --- Chômage --- Inflation (Finances) --- Prices --- Effect of inflation on --- Effect of energy costs on --- Prix --- Effet de l'inflation sur --- Effets du cout de l'énergie sur l' --- 665.6 --- -Economic policy --- -International economic relations --- -Unemployment --- -620.9 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.731 --- 331.100 --- 331.01 --- 333.841 --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Mazut --- Petroleum --- Hydraulic fluids --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Power resources --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Mineral oil technology. Technology of petroleum and allied products --- Economics of energy in general --- Aardolie. Aardolieschok. --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Evolutie van de economische cycli. --- Inflatie. --- Refining --- Costs --- 665.6 Mineral oil technology. Technology of petroleum and allied products --- 620.9 Economics of energy in general --- Histoire économique --- Politique économique --- Relations économiques internationales --- Produits pétroliers --- Chômage --- Effets du cout de l'énergie sur l' --- 620.9 --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Inflation (Finance) and unemployment --- Stagflation --- Stagnation (Economics) --- Evolutie van de economische cycli --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Inflatie --- Aardolie. Aardolieschok --- Economic history - 1971-1990 --- Inflation (Finance) - Effect of energy costs on --- Petroleum products - Prices --- Unemployment - Effect of inflation on

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This paper examines the short- and long-run economic impact of Egypt's energy subsidy reform in July 2014 (without and without compensating transfers for the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution) and the decline in global energy prices, as well as the long-run impact of phasing out the energy subsidies over a 5 year period. The analysis uses a Computable General Equilibrium model with 56 productive sectors, including 11 energy subsectors. The short-run analysis employs a two-stage factor market adjustment, with wages first fixed and then flexible. The long-run analysis is run in a recursive dynamic mode, capturing the impact of improved productivity and increased investment resulting from more efficient allocation of resources and reduction in government deficits. In the short run, the 2014 reforms lead to slightly lower consumption while investment increases strongly and production shifts from highly subsidized energy-intensive sectors such as energy, water and sanitation, and transport to other sectors (notably construction). The impact on overall consumer prices is limited. In the longer run, real GDP growth increases by about one percentage point relative to the baseline before the 2014 reform.

Activities --- Adverse Impact --- Agriculture --- Approach --- Balance --- Balance of Payments --- Base Year --- Benchmark --- Budget Deficits --- Capital --- Capital Use --- Cement --- Coal --- Consumers --- Consumption --- Controlled Prices --- Cost of Energy --- Costs --- Crude Oil --- Crude Oil Production --- Development Policy --- Diesel --- Diesel Fuel --- Distribution of Energy --- Domestic Energy --- Domestic Natural Gas --- Dry Natural Gas --- Dynamic Analysis --- Economic Efficiency --- Economic Implications --- Economic Performance --- Economic Sectors --- Economic Theory & Research --- Elasticities --- Elasticity --- Electric Power --- Electric Power Generation --- Electric Power Plants --- Electricity --- Electricity Generation --- Electricity Prices --- Employment --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Costs --- Energy Extraction --- Energy Prices --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Products --- Energy Use --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Equilibrium --- Exports --- Fixed Prices --- Fuel --- Fuel Oil --- Fuel Subsidies --- Full Employment --- Gas --- Gas Output --- Gas Prices --- Gas Producer --- Gasoline --- GDP --- Generation --- Goods --- Government Expenditures --- Government Subsidies --- Growth Rate --- High Energy --- Higher Energy Prices --- Incentives --- Income --- Income Groups --- Inputs --- International Trade --- Investment --- LNG --- Macroeconomic Performance --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Measurement --- Mobility --- Natural Gas --- Natural Gas Output --- Natural Gas Prices --- Natural Gas Pricing --- Oil --- Oil Exporters --- Oil Price --- Oil Producer --- Oil Production --- Oil Products --- Payments --- Petroleum --- Petroleum Products --- Power --- Power Generation --- Power Plants --- Power Sector --- Price --- Price Changes --- Price Elasticities --- Price Subsidies --- Prices --- Production Costs --- Productivity Growth --- Real GDP --- Refined Petroleum Products --- Sanitation --- Static Analysis --- Subsidy --- Tax --- Tax Revenue --- Total Costs --- Total Factor Productivity --- Total Factor Productivity Growth --- Trade --- Trade Balance --- Trade Deficit --- Transport --- Transport Costs --- Transport Economics Policy and Planning --- Transportation --- Utilities --- Value --- Value Added --- Wage Rates --- Wages --- Water