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Bronze age --- Emar (Extinct city) --- Emar (Extinct city). --- Civilization --- Emar (Ancient city) --- Maskanah Site (Syria) --- Meskéné Site (Syria) --- Syria --- Antiquities

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Emar (Extinct city) --- -Emar (Extinct city) --- Emar (Ancient city) --- Maskanah Site (Syria) --- Meskéné Site (Syria) --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Syria --- Antiquities. --- Antiquities --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Syria

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Late Hittite Emar examines the economic and juridical texts from ancient Emar (modern Tell Meskene-Qadime) with a basically threefold task in view. The first is to discern the chronological span of the texts, and then using the political information of the texts to correlate the kings of Emar with the known kings of Karkemish in the thirteenth century B.C. The conclusion is that Emar fell to invaders considerably earlier than most have supposed to date. The second task looks at various aspects of Emar's social history, in particular whether the ilku-system operated there as at Ugarit, and more than thirty texts which attest both sale of family members and real estate "in a time of distress" (i.e. famine). It appears that Emar was left largely to run its own affairs under the Hittite aegis. Meanwhile, two leading families at Emar largely controlled the traffic in humanity, one being the entrenched clan of diviner-priests. The final section examines the attestation of Emar in earlier texts, from Ebla to Idri-mi, and concludes that there was no previous history of kingship at Emar. A text from the palace corpus which mentions an attempted coup d'État against one of the Emarite kings receives close analysis, while the final chapter attempts an identification of the possible agents of Emar's destruction, with a particular focus on Aramaean activity in the region.

Age du bronze --- Bronstijd --- Hettieten --- Hittites --- Syrie --- Syrië --- Extinct cities --- Kings and rulers --- Social life and customs --- Emar (Extinct city) --- Syria --- Antiquities --- Bronze age --- -Civilization --- -Emar (Extinct city) --- -Emar (Ancient city) --- Maskanah Site (Syria) --- Meskéné Site (Syria) --- Politics and government --- -Sources --- Social conditions --- -Politics and government --- Civilization --- Emar (Ancient city) --- Sources --- Sources. --- Extinct cities - Syria --- Hittites - Kings and rulers --- Hittites - Social life and customs --- Syria - Antiquities

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The city of Emar, modern Tell Meskene in Syria, is one of the most important sites of the western ancient Near East during the Late Bronze Age that have yielded cuneiform tablets. The discovery of more than one thousand tablets and tablet fragments assures Emar's position, along with Bogazkoy-Hattusa and Ras-Shamra-Ugarit, as a major scribal center. Ephemeral documents such as wills or sale contracts, texts about rituals and cultic festivals, school texts and student exercises, and inscribed seals and their impressions enable reconstruction of the Emar scribal school institution and provide materials for investigation into the lives of more than fifty scribes whose works were found in the city. The aim of this book is to place Emar's scribal school institution within its social and historical context, to observe the participation of its teachers and students in the study of the school curriculum, to investigate the role of the scribes in the daily life of the city (in particular within the administration), and to evaluate the school's and its members' position within the network of similar institutions throughout the ancient Near East.

Scribes --- Scholars --- Cuneiform writing --- Bronze age --- History. --- Emar (Extinct city) --- Intellectual life. --- Persons --- Learning and scholarship --- Copyists --- Alphabet --- Civilization, Assyro-Babylonian --- Inscriptions --- Paleography --- Writing --- Achaemenian inscriptions --- Cuneiform inscriptions --- Civilization --- History --- Emar (Ancient city) --- Maskanah Site (Syria) --- Meskéné Site (Syria) --- Syria --- Antiquities --- Bronze age. --- Cuneiform writing. --- Scholars. --- Scribes. --- Cultural life --- Emar --- Middle East --- Culture

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The recent large-scale watershed projects in northern Syria, where the ancient city of Emar was located, have brought this area to light, thanks to salvage operation excavations before the area was submerged. Excavations at Meskeneh-Qadimeh on the great bend of the Euphrates River revealed this large town, which had been built in the late 14th century and then destroyed violently at the beginning of the 12th, at the end of the Bronze Age. In the town of Emar, ritual tablets were discovered in a temple that are demonstrated to have been recorded by the supervisor of the local cult, who was called the “diviner.” This religious leader also operated a significant writing center, which focused on both administering local ritual and fostering competence in Mesopotamian lore. An archaic local calendar can be distinguished from other calendars in use at Emar, both foreign and local. A second, overlapping calendar emanated from the palace and represented a rising political force in some tension with rooted local institutions. The archaic local calendar can be partially reconstructed from one ritual text that outlines the rites performed during a period of six months.The main public rite of Emar’s religious calendar was the zukru festival. This event was celebrated in a simplified annual ritual and in a more elaborate version of the ritual for seven days during every seventh year, probably serving as a pledge of loyalty to the chief god, Dagan. The Emar ritual calendar was native, in spite of various levels of outside influence, and thus offers important evidence for ancient Syrian culture. These texts are thus important for ancient Near Eastern cultic and ritual studies. Fleming’s comprehensive study lays the basic groundwork for all future study of the ritual and makes a major contribution to the study of ancient Syria.

Rites and ceremonies --- Religious calendars --- Calendar, Religious --- Calendars, Religious --- Church calendar --- Ritual calendars --- Calendar --- Ceremonies --- Cult --- Cultus --- Ecclesiastical rites and ceremonies --- Religious ceremonies --- Religious rites --- Rites of passage --- Traditions --- Ritualism --- Manners and customs --- Mysteries, Religious --- Ritual --- Emar (Extinct city) --- Emar (Ancient city) --- Maskanah Site (Syria) --- Meskéné Site (Syria) --- Syria --- Religion. --- Antiquities --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Emar (Extinct city).