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There are severe geographical disparities in pupil-teacher ratios (PTR) across Malawi, with most teachers concentrated near commercial centers and in rural schools with better amenities. Most of the variation in PTR is concentrated in small sub-district areas, suggesting a central role for micro-geographic factors in teacher distribution. Employing administrative data from several government sources, regression analysis reveals that school-level factors identified by teachers as desirable are closely associated with PTR, including access to roads, electricity, and water, and distance to the nearest trading center, suggesting a central role for teachers' interests in PTR variation. Political economy network mapping reveals that teachers leverage informal networks and political patronage to resist placement in remote schools, while administrative officials are unable to stand up to these formal and informal pressures, in part because of a lack of reliable databases and objective criteria for the allocation of teachers. This study curates a systematic database of the physical placement of all teachers in Malawi and links it with data on school facilities and geo-spatial coordinates of commercial centers. The study develops a consistent and objective measure of school remoteness, which can be applied to develop policies to create rules for equitable deployments and targeting of incentives. Growing awareness of disparities in PTRs among district education officials is already showing promising improvements in targeting of new teachers. Simulation results of planned policy applications show significant potential impacts of fiscally-neutral approaches to targeted deployments of new cohorts, as well as retention of teachers through data-calibrated incentives.

Elementary school teachers

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Elementary school teachers

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Elementary school teachers --- Elementary school teachers --- History --- Social conditions

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Teachers colleges --- Elementary school teachers

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Full of practical help and guidance, this is a must have for primary trainees on school experience, whether they are in a school-based or university-based teacher training programme. It begins by helping trainees to plan their own journey through training and beyond. Taking control of their own training in this way supports student teachers to approach the course with confidence, and secure their first teaching job. The book provides guidance on: • adapting to working in school • observing, planning and evaluating in school • teaching on placement • assessing, monitoring and reporting on children's progress • self-evaluation and how to pre-empt and resolve issues • securing the first teaching job and succeeding in the NQT year For student teachers, the experience of school-based training is exciting but also challenging - this book supports them throughout and prepares them for the journey ahead. Student feedback on this book: "Having been on a variety of teaching placements myself, I know just how daunting and overwhelming experiences in school can be at times - even with a supportive mentor by your side! Hence, I felt that this book can smooth out and rectify those worries one may face during a school placement, and offers the reader a realistic insight into school experiences. In my opinion, the most useful chapter by far is the 'Moving On' chapter near the end of the book. This explains how to conclude a school placement, what to expect from an interview, and even how to set out a CV for a teaching position. This was not something I expected to find in this book however it was very much welcomed and is, in fact, a very important, valuable part of the book. This is the type of book you can buy on your very first day of teacher training and use well into your days as a newly qualified teacher." - Jasmin, Primary Teacher Trainee (University of Northampton).

Elementary school teachers --- Training of.