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Electronic intelligence. --- Reconnaissance aircraft.

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"The Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence: Technical Options study is a result of an activity called for in Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD-28), issued by President Obama in January 2014, to evaluate U.S. signals intelligence practices. The directive instructed the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to produce a report within one year "assessing the feasibility of creating software that would allow the intelligence community more easily to conduct targeted information acquisition rather than bulk collection." ODNI asked the National Research Council (NRC) -- the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering -- to conduct a study, which began in June 2014, to assist in preparing a response to the President. Over the ensuing months, a committee of experts appointed by the Research Council produced the report."--

Electronic intelligence --- Evaluation.

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Intelligence agencies are reflections of the societies they serve. No surprise, then, that modern spies and the agencies they work for are fixated on the internet and electronic communications. These same officials also struggle with notions of privacy, appropriateness, national boundaries and the problem of disinformation. They are citizens of both somewhere and nowhere, serving a national public yet confronting spies who operate across borders. These adversaries are utilising new technologies that offer a transnational anonymity. Meanwhile, ordinary people are keen to be protected from threats, but equally keen - basing their understanding of intelligence on news and popular culture - to avoid over-reach by authorities believed to have near-God-like powers. This is the new operating environment for spies: a heady mix of rapid technological development, identity politics, plausible deniability, uncertainty and distrust of authority. Hacker, Influencer, Faker, Spy explores both the challenges spies face from these digital horizons, and the challenges citizens face in understanding what spies do and how it impacts on them. Rob Dover makes a radical case for overhauling intelligence to capitalise on open-source information: shrinking the secret state, whilst still supporting the functioning of modern governments in the post-COVID age.

Polemology --- INTELLIGENCE SERVICE--TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS --- ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE

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Auf Snowdens Enthüllungen hin behauptete die NSA, sie schütze vor Terrorismus und halte die Gesetze ein. Da beides nicht zutrifft, muss sich diese Behörde etwas einfallen lassen, um wieder glaubwürdig zu werden. Es gibt mehr als eine Option, was aus der NSA werden könnte. Man könnte sie abschaffen, was für die Regierung auf die Selbstabschaffung der USA hinausliefe; man könnte versuchen, sie mit den Bürgerrechten zu vereinbaren, was zum Scheitern verurteilt wäre; oder man könnte sich auf die theokratischen Wurzeln der USA besinnen: Theokratie statt NSA. Doch die Behörde ist längst ein derart potentes Imperium der Überwachung geworden, dass ihre Unterwerfung unter eine theokratische Regierung unwahrscheinlich erscheint. Damit erreichen wir Option vier: NSA statt Theokratie. Dies dürfte auf Dauer die wahrscheinlichste Option der Entwicklung der NSA und der politischen Architektur der USA bilden. Wenn diese den Anschein einer Demokratie wahren und auf das Wissen der NSA nicht verzichten wollen, ergibt dies die Paradoxie einer Überwachungsdemokratie.

Security classification (Government documents) --- Leaks (Disclosure of information) --- Electronic surveillance --- Electronic intelligence --- Electronic intelligence. --- Electronic surveillance.

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Cryptography --- Electronic intelligence --- History --- History. --- United States. --- History.