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The present work investigates the evolution of the electricity system and the heat system of the residential buildings in Germany until 2050. The aim of the research work relates to the analysis of the temporal evolution of the investigated energy systems as well as of the potential of innovative technologies at the interface of electricity and heat along with the assessment of the goals of climate and energy policy in the heat system of the residential sector.

Wärmesystem --- Wohngebäude --- residential buildings --- heat system --- electricity system --- operations research --- Operations Research --- Elektrizitätssystem --- Energiesystemanalyse --- energy system analysis

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April 2000 - The natural gas pipelines between Argentina and Chile are large-scale investments in competitive environments. Jadresic, a former minister of energy in Chile, argues that a competitive energy sector and free entry were important policy initiatives to spur the cross-border investments that have benefited Chile's energy sector and environment. Increasing demand for clean energy sources is expanding investment in natural gas infrastructure around the world. Many international projects involve pipelines connecting energy markets in two or more countries. A key feature of investment taking place in Latin America is the convergence of gas and electricity markets. Many projects are being developed to supply gas to new power generation plants needed to meet electricity demand. Construction of a pipeline over the Andes mountains to supply gas from Argentina to energy markets in central Chile was an idea long unfulfilled for political, economic, and technical reasons. Great changes have now taken place in a very short time. Jadresic discusses both the achievements and the challenges to be faced by pipeline developers and Chile's energy sector. He details the benefits of the cooperative effort to consumers in terms of lower energy prices, higher environmental standards, and a more reliable energy system. The experience in Latin America's Southern Cone shows how technological innovation, economic deregulation, and regional integration make it possible to build major international gas pipeline projects within a competitive framework and without direct state involvement. This paper - a product of Private Participation in Infrastructure, Private Sector Advisory Services Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze and disseminate the principles of, and good practice for, promoting competition in infrastructure. The author may be contacted at jadresic@creuna.cl.

Coal --- Coal Mines --- Electricity --- Electricity Demand --- Electricity System --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Markets --- Energy Needs --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Industry --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Regulation --- Investment --- Investments --- Natural Gas --- Natural Gas Infrastructure --- Natural Gas Pipelines --- Oil --- Oil and Gas Industry --- Pipeline --- Pipeline Projects --- Power --- Power Generation --- Power Generators --- Water and Industry --- Water Resources

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One of the contentious issues in electricity reform is whether there are significant gains from restructuring systems that are moderately well run. South Africa's electricity system is a case in point. The sector's state-owned utility, Eskom, has been generating some of the lowest-priced electricity in the world, has largely achieved revenue adequacy, and has financed the bulk of the government's ambitious electrification program. Moreover, the key technical performance indicators of Eskom's generation plants have reached world-class levels. Yet the sector is confronted today with serious challenges. South Africa's electricity system is currently facing a tight demand/supply balance, and the distribution segment of the industry is in serious financial trouble. This paper provides a careful diagnostic assessment of the industry and identifies a range of policy and restructuring options to improve its performance. It suggests removing distribution from municipal control and privatizing it, calls for vertical and horizontal unbundling, and argues that the cost-benefit analysis of different structural options should focus on investment incentives and not just current operating efficiency.

Balance --- Coal --- Coal Reserves --- Distribution Facilities --- E-Business --- Electricity --- Electricity Distribution --- Electricity Supply --- Electricity System --- Electricity Utilities --- Electrification --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environmental Performance --- Generation --- Investment --- Options --- Power --- Power Plant --- Power Plant Construction --- Power Sector --- Price --- Primary Energy --- Private Sector Development

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The Paris Agreement establishes a process to combine Nationally Determined Contributions with the long-term goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 °C or even to 1.5 °C. Responding to this challenge, EU and non-EU countries are preparing national and regional low-emission strategies outlining clean energy-transition pathways. The aim of this book is to provide rigorous quantitative assessment of the challenges, impacts and opportunities induced by ambitious low-emission pathways. It aims to explore how deep emission reductions can be achieved in all energy supply and demand sectors, exploring the interplay between mitigation options, including energy efficiency, renewable energy uptake and electrification, for decarbonising inflexible end-uses such as mobility and heating. The high expansion of renewable energy poses high technical and economic challenges regarding system configuration and market organisation, requiring the development of new options such as batteries, prosumers, grid expansion, chemical storage through power-to-X and new tariff setting methods. The uptake of disruptive mitigation options (hydrogen, CCUS, clean e-fuels) as well as carbon dioxide removal (BECCS, direct air capture, etc.) may also be required in the case of net-zero emission targets, but raises market, regulatory and financial challenges. This book assesses low-emission strategies at the national and global level and their implications for energy-system development, technology uptake, energy-system costs and the socioeconomic and industrial impacts of low-emission transitions.

GEM-E3-FIT --- low-carbon R&amp --- D --- innovation-induced growth --- endogenous technology progress --- unilateral climate policy --- carbon leakage --- industrial relocation --- border carbon adjustment --- electric vehicles --- electricity recharging infrastructure --- business models --- equilibrium programming --- Greek EV mobility 2030 --- private investments in infrastructure --- combined gas-steam cycles --- efficiency --- heat exchange in Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) --- economic analysis --- cost management --- managerial decisions --- fortune 500 --- carbon disclosure --- financial performance --- COVID-19 --- economic recovery --- stimulus packages --- climate scenarios --- integrated assessment modelling --- integrated energy system --- scheduling --- energy trade --- smart contract --- BECCS --- CCS --- biomass --- climate neutrality --- greenhouse gas --- emission --- abatement cost --- EU climate/energy policy --- Fit for 55 --- European Union --- Green Deal --- burden sharing --- effort sharing regulation --- emissions trading system --- energy system analysis --- TIMES PanEU --- NEWAGE --- agent-based modelling --- low carbon electricity system --- investment decisions --- heterogeneous agents --- value factor of wind --- n/a

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The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this reprint presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on the Energy Internet, blockchain technology and smart contracts, we hope that they will be of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- constant power load --- microgrid --- dynamic stability --- optimization --- PLL --- power-sharing control --- solid oxide fuel cell --- parameter identification --- backstepping control --- event-triggered control --- Lyapunov stability theorem --- networked control system --- nonlinear system --- autonomous driving vehicles --- vehicular communication --- intelligent driver model --- data-driven control model --- 3PL logistics --- decision making --- ARAS --- entropy --- CRITIC --- maximum power point tracking --- photovoltaic system --- partial shading conditions --- surface-based polynomial fitting --- Differential Evolution --- metaheuristic algorithms --- DC–DC converter --- islanding detection --- local islanding --- remote islanding --- signal processing --- hybrid microgrids --- renewable energies --- energy management --- electricity system --- vibration control --- dynamic vibration absorbers --- aerial vehicles --- quadrotor --- motion tracking control --- autonomous power system --- generating power consumer --- hydroelectric power plant --- optimal power consumption --- wind power plant --- solar photovoltaic power plant --- energy storage --- microgrids --- university campus --- battery energy storage --- renewable energy --- simulation --- optimal behavioral modeling --- automotive --- low-dropout linear voltage regulator --- power supply rejection ratio --- constant power load --- microgrid --- dynamic stability --- optimization --- PLL --- power-sharing control --- solid oxide fuel cell --- parameter identification --- backstepping control --- event-triggered control --- Lyapunov stability theorem --- networked control system --- nonlinear system --- autonomous driving vehicles --- vehicular communication --- intelligent driver model --- data-driven control model --- 3PL logistics --- decision making --- ARAS --- entropy --- CRITIC --- maximum power point tracking --- photovoltaic system --- partial shading conditions --- surface-based polynomial fitting --- Differential Evolution --- metaheuristic algorithms --- DC–DC converter --- islanding detection --- local islanding --- remote islanding --- signal processing --- hybrid microgrids --- renewable energies --- energy management --- electricity system --- vibration control --- dynamic vibration absorbers --- aerial vehicles --- quadrotor --- motion tracking control --- autonomous power system --- generating power consumer --- hydroelectric power plant --- optimal power consumption --- wind power plant --- solar photovoltaic power plant --- energy storage --- microgrids --- university campus --- battery energy storage --- renewable energy --- simulation --- optimal behavioral modeling --- automotive --- low-dropout linear voltage regulator --- power supply rejection ratio