Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

One of the contentious issues in electricity reform is whether there are significant gains from restructuring systems that are moderately well run. South Africa's electricity system is a case in point. The sector's state-owned utility, Eskom, has been generating some of the lowest-priced electricity in the world, has largely achieved revenue adequacy, and has financed the bulk of the government's ambitious electrification program. Moreover, the key technical performance indicators of Eskom's generation plants have reached world-class levels. Yet the sector is confronted today with serious challenges. South Africa's electricity system is currently facing a tight demand/supply balance, and the distribution segment of the industry is in serious financial trouble. This paper provides a careful diagnostic assessment of the industry and identifies a range of policy and restructuring options to improve its performance. It suggests removing distribution from municipal control and privatizing it, calls for vertical and horizontal unbundling, and argues that the cost-benefit analysis of different structural options should focus on investment incentives and not just current operating efficiency.

Balance --- Coal --- Coal Reserves --- Distribution Facilities --- E-Business --- Electricity --- Electricity Distribution --- Electricity Supply --- Electricity System --- Electricity Utilities --- Electrification --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environmental Performance --- Generation --- Investment --- Options --- Power --- Power Plant --- Power Plant Construction --- Power Sector --- Price --- Primary Energy --- Private Sector Development

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The electric power sector is poised for transformative changes. Improvements in the cost and performance of a range of distributed energy generation (DG) technologies and the potential for breakthroughs in distributed energy storage (DS) are creating new options for onsite power generation and storage, driving increasing adoption and impacting utility distribution system operations. In addition, changing uses and use patterns for electricity—from plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) to demand response (DR)—are altering demands placed on the electric power system. Finally, the infusion of new information and communications technology (ICT) into the electric system and its markets is enabling the collection of immense volumes of data on power sector operations and use; unprecedented control of generation, networks, and loads; and new opportunities for the delivery of energy services. In this Special Issue of Energies, research papers on topics related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DG, DS, EV, and DR) are included. From technologies to software tools to system-wide evaluations, the impacts of all aforementioned distributed resources on both operation and planning are examined.

History of engineering & technology --- machine learning --- microgrids --- optimisation methods --- power systems --- reinforcement learning --- high penetration --- renewable energy --- adaptability planning --- source-grid coordination --- renewable electricity distribution for public space --- sustainability assessment model --- integrated assessment for public space --- tripartite altruism --- urban renewable energy --- ecological infrastructures --- Micro-grids --- continuity of supply --- power distribution --- power system planning --- decentralized control --- small hydropower plants --- microgrid --- emergency control --- recloser --- synchronous coupler --- power systems stability --- power system operation --- power system security --- renewable energy integration --- load flow analysis --- congestion management --- distributed generation curtailment --- demand side management --- demand response --- cyber-physical systems --- dynamic pricing --- load forecasting --- attack detection --- photovoltaics --- distributed energy resources (DERs) --- grid impact --- power quality --- low-voltage distribution network --- inverter regulation --- electric vehicles --- uncontrolled charging --- delayed charging --- controlled charging --- V2G --- V2B --- V2H --- peak shaving --- valley filling --- renewable energy sources

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The electric power sector is poised for transformative changes. Improvements in the cost and performance of a range of distributed energy generation (DG) technologies and the potential for breakthroughs in distributed energy storage (DS) are creating new options for onsite power generation and storage, driving increasing adoption and impacting utility distribution system operations. In addition, changing uses and use patterns for electricity—from plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) to demand response (DR)—are altering demands placed on the electric power system. Finally, the infusion of new information and communications technology (ICT) into the electric system and its markets is enabling the collection of immense volumes of data on power sector operations and use; unprecedented control of generation, networks, and loads; and new opportunities for the delivery of energy services. In this Special Issue of Energies, research papers on topics related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DG, DS, EV, and DR) are included. From technologies to software tools to system-wide evaluations, the impacts of all aforementioned distributed resources on both operation and planning are examined.

machine learning --- microgrids --- optimisation methods --- power systems --- reinforcement learning --- high penetration --- renewable energy --- adaptability planning --- source-grid coordination --- renewable electricity distribution for public space --- sustainability assessment model --- integrated assessment for public space --- tripartite altruism --- urban renewable energy --- ecological infrastructures --- Micro-grids --- continuity of supply --- power distribution --- power system planning --- decentralized control --- small hydropower plants --- microgrid --- emergency control --- recloser --- synchronous coupler --- power systems stability --- power system operation --- power system security --- renewable energy integration --- load flow analysis --- congestion management --- distributed generation curtailment --- demand side management --- demand response --- cyber-physical systems --- dynamic pricing --- load forecasting --- attack detection --- photovoltaics --- distributed energy resources (DERs) --- grid impact --- power quality --- low-voltage distribution network --- inverter regulation --- electric vehicles --- uncontrolled charging --- delayed charging --- controlled charging --- V2G --- V2B --- V2H --- peak shaving --- valley filling --- renewable energy sources

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The electric power sector is poised for transformative changes. Improvements in the cost and performance of a range of distributed energy generation (DG) technologies and the potential for breakthroughs in distributed energy storage (DS) are creating new options for onsite power generation and storage, driving increasing adoption and impacting utility distribution system operations. In addition, changing uses and use patterns for electricity—from plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) to demand response (DR)—are altering demands placed on the electric power system. Finally, the infusion of new information and communications technology (ICT) into the electric system and its markets is enabling the collection of immense volumes of data on power sector operations and use; unprecedented control of generation, networks, and loads; and new opportunities for the delivery of energy services. In this Special Issue of Energies, research papers on topics related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DG, DS, EV, and DR) are included. From technologies to software tools to system-wide evaluations, the impacts of all aforementioned distributed resources on both operation and planning are examined.

History of engineering & technology --- machine learning --- microgrids --- optimisation methods --- power systems --- reinforcement learning --- high penetration --- renewable energy --- adaptability planning --- source-grid coordination --- renewable electricity distribution for public space --- sustainability assessment model --- integrated assessment for public space --- tripartite altruism --- urban renewable energy --- ecological infrastructures --- Micro-grids --- continuity of supply --- power distribution --- power system planning --- decentralized control --- small hydropower plants --- microgrid --- emergency control --- recloser --- synchronous coupler --- power systems stability --- power system operation --- power system security --- renewable energy integration --- load flow analysis --- congestion management --- distributed generation curtailment --- demand side management --- demand response --- cyber-physical systems --- dynamic pricing --- load forecasting --- attack detection --- photovoltaics --- distributed energy resources (DERs) --- grid impact --- power quality --- low-voltage distribution network --- inverter regulation --- electric vehicles --- uncontrolled charging --- delayed charging --- controlled charging --- V2G --- V2B --- V2H --- peak shaving --- valley filling --- renewable energy sources --- machine learning --- microgrids --- optimisation methods --- power systems --- reinforcement learning --- high penetration --- renewable energy --- adaptability planning --- source-grid coordination --- renewable electricity distribution for public space --- sustainability assessment model --- integrated assessment for public space --- tripartite altruism --- urban renewable energy --- ecological infrastructures --- Micro-grids --- continuity of supply --- power distribution --- power system planning --- decentralized control --- small hydropower plants --- microgrid --- emergency control --- recloser --- synchronous coupler --- power systems stability --- power system operation --- power system security --- renewable energy integration --- load flow analysis --- congestion management --- distributed generation curtailment --- demand side management --- demand response --- cyber-physical systems --- dynamic pricing --- load forecasting --- attack detection --- photovoltaics --- distributed energy resources (DERs) --- grid impact --- power quality --- low-voltage distribution network --- inverter regulation --- electric vehicles --- uncontrolled charging --- delayed charging --- controlled charging --- V2G --- V2B --- V2H --- peak shaving --- valley filling --- renewable energy sources

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

High penetration of fluctuating renewable power units, such as wind turbines and photo voltaic systems, and new heavy loads, such as electrical vehicles and heat pumps, which so far might not be controlled according to the actual distribution grid condition, but rather according to actual consumption of the devices, influences the distribution grid in several ways, and it may lead to voltage disturbances, frequency deviations and harmonic content beyond limits. Over voltages might be generated at power production which is too high, whereas under voltage might occur at heavy load situations; both phenomena might be seen at the same distribution radial, where harmonic injections can also come from the devices, if equipped with power converters. This has led to the main target object for this book being power quality in distribution grids. This book offers 10 papers regarding power quality issues at distribution grids. It looks into hosting capacity issues, stability analysis, reliability assessment, mitigation of voltage rise using reactor installation, power quality assessments, harmonic analysis and damping, frequency control in weak and isolated power systems, and the focus is therefore broad within the overall topic of power quality.

History of engineering & technology --- meshed DC distributed power systems --- stability criterion --- virtual harmonic resistance --- stability enhancement --- waveform distortion --- high-frequency spectral components --- wavelet transform --- modified estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariancetechnique (ESPRIT) --- power quality --- transient power quality --- S-transform --- width factor --- feature extraction --- probabilistic neural network (PNN) --- renewable energy --- reactor --- voltage rise --- distribution line --- distribution resource --- grid connection --- generator --- power factor --- coordination of protection relay --- active damping --- DC distributed systems --- dynamic performance --- impedance decoupling --- impedance overlap --- minor loop gain --- non-causal system --- stability margins --- modular multilevel converter --- double-carrier phase-disposition pulse width modulation --- double Fourier integral analysis --- harmonic characteristic --- carrier displacement angle --- harmonic responsibilities assessment --- utility harmonic impedance changes --- wavelet packet transform --- piecewise approach --- bound constrained optimization --- hosting capacity --- solar power integration --- electric vehicle integration --- electricity distribution --- distribution-system planning --- wind-diesel power systems --- power system modeling --- variable-speed wind turbine --- frequency control --- stability analysis --- wind power curtailment --- inertial control --- photovoltaic power stations --- power systems reliability --- non-aggregate Markov model --- pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation --- intelligent state space reduction --- meshed DC distributed power systems --- stability criterion --- virtual harmonic resistance --- stability enhancement --- waveform distortion --- high-frequency spectral components --- wavelet transform --- modified estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariancetechnique (ESPRIT) --- power quality --- transient power quality --- S-transform --- width factor --- feature extraction --- probabilistic neural network (PNN) --- renewable energy --- reactor --- voltage rise --- distribution line --- distribution resource --- grid connection --- generator --- power factor --- coordination of protection relay --- active damping --- DC distributed systems --- dynamic performance --- impedance decoupling --- impedance overlap --- minor loop gain --- non-causal system --- stability margins --- modular multilevel converter --- double-carrier phase-disposition pulse width modulation --- double Fourier integral analysis --- harmonic characteristic --- carrier displacement angle --- harmonic responsibilities assessment --- utility harmonic impedance changes --- wavelet packet transform --- piecewise approach --- bound constrained optimization --- hosting capacity --- solar power integration --- electric vehicle integration --- electricity distribution --- distribution-system planning --- wind-diesel power systems --- power system modeling --- variable-speed wind turbine --- frequency control --- stability analysis --- wind power curtailment --- inertial control --- photovoltaic power stations --- power systems reliability --- non-aggregate Markov model --- pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation --- intelligent state space reduction