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Menção honrosa Prêmio ABEU 2021 – categoria Tradução. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) é um dos mais conhecidos personagens da história da ciência. Embora seja famoso por conta do experimento da pipa em meio a uma tempestade – uma anedota bastante controversa, aliás –, Franklin foi um pensador muito mais abrangente. Suas ideias acerca dos fenômenos elétricos buscaram responder às principais lacunas da eletricidade no século XVIII, cobrindo desde a eletrização dos corpos até a formação de grandes temporais com raios e trovões. Franklin abordou também outras questões em seus textos sobre o mundo natural, incluindo a natureza e comportamento da luz. Neste livro, apresento traduções de seis cartas escritas por ele entre 1747 e 1752 – período em que foi mais ativo na filosofia natural – e de um pequeno ensaio sobre a luz, publicado no final da vida, em 1788. A partir disso, o leitor terá acesso direto ao pensamento de Franklin, aos termos que utilizou e às suas explicações para os mais diversos fenômenos da eletricidade e da luz. Esta é a primeira vez que textos de Franklin são traduzidos integralmente para o português brasileiro. Espero que a leitura seja produtiva e que a filosofia natural de Franklin possa ser conhecida em toda sua dimensão e importância.
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This book is an introduction to the concept of symmetries in electromagnetism and explicit symmetry breaking. It begins with a brief background on the origin of the concept of symmetry and its meaning in fields such as architecture, mathematics and physics. Despite the extensive developments of symmetry in these fields, it has yet to be applied to the context of classical electromagnetism and related engineering applications. This book unravels the beauty and excitement of this area to scientists.
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Circuit theory is one of the most important tools of the electrical engineer, and it can be derived with suitable approximations from Maxwell's equations. Despite this, university courses treat electromagnetism and circuit theory as two separate subjects and at advanced level, students can lack a basic understanding of the classical electromagnetism applied in the context of electric circuits to fully appreciate and apply circuit theory and understand its limitations. Here the authors build on their graduate teaching experiences and lectures to treat these topics as a single subject and derive and present the important results from circuit analyses, such as Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law, using the ideas of the classical electromagnetism.
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Electromagnetic homogenization is the process of estimating the effective electromagnetic properties of composite materials in the long-wavelength regime, wherein the length scales of nonhomogeneities are much smaller than the wavelengths involved. This is a bird's-eye view of currently available homogenization formalisms for particulate composite materials. It presents analytical methods only, with focus on the general settings of anisotropy and bianisotropy.
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Electromagnetism: Problems and solutions is an ideal companion book for the undergraduate student--sophomore, junior, or senior--who may want to work on more problems and receive immediate feedback while studying. Each chapter contains brief theoretical notes followed by the problem text with the solution and ends with a brief bibliography. Also presented are problems more general in nature, which may be a bit more challenging.
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Following their first observation in 1984, random telegraph signals (RTSs) were initially a purely scientific tool to study fundamental aspects of defects in semiconductor devices. As semiconductor devices move to the nanoscale however, RTSs have become an issue of major concern to the semiconductor industry, both in development of current technology, such as memory devices and logic circuits, as well as in future semiconductor devices beyond the silicon roadmap, such as nanowire, TFET and carbon nanotube-based devices. It has become clear that the reliability of state-of-the-art and future CMOS technology nodes is dominated by RTS and single trap phenomena, and so its understanding is of vital importance for the modelling and simulation of the operation and the expected lifetime of CMOS devices and circuits. It is the aim of this book to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of one of the most challenging issues facing the semiconductor industry, from the fundamentals of RTSs to applied technology.
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This book is a rigorous but concise macroscopic description of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and structures containing graphene sheets (two-dimensional structures). It presents canonical problems with translational invariant geometries, in which the solution of the original vectorial problem can be reduced to the treatment of two scalar problems, corresponding to two basic polarization modes. The book includes computational problems and makes use of the Python programming language to make numerical calculations accessible to any science student. Many figures within are accompanied by Python scripts.
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Butterfly in the Quantum World is the first book ever to tell the story of the "Hofstadter butterfly", a beautiful and fascinating graph lying at the heart of the quantum theory of matter. The butterfly came out of a simple-sounding question: What happens if you immerse a crystal in a magnetic field? What energies can the electrons take on? From 1930 onwards, physicists struggled to answer this question, until 1974, when graduate student Douglas Hofstadter discovered that the answer was a graph consisting of nothing but copies of itself nested down infinitely many times. This wild mathematical object caught the physics world totally by surprise, and it continues to mesmerize physicists and mathematicians today. The butterfly plot is intimately related to many other important phenomena in number theory and physics, including Apollonian gaskets, the Foucault pendulum, quasicrystals, the quantum Hall effect, and many more. Its story reflects the magic, the mystery, and the simplicity of the laws of nature, and Indu Satija, in a wonderfully personal style, relates this story, enriching it with a vast number of lively historical anecdotes, many photographs, beautiful visual images, and even poems, making her book a great feast, for the eyes, for the mind and for the soul.
Fractals. --- Mathematical physics. --- Quantum theory. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Mathematical & Computational. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Electromagnetism. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Quantum Theory. --- Mathematical physics. --- Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) --- Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism.
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