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Iako prve studije o rodnoj neravnopravnosti u domenu političke participacije datiraju s početka prošlog vijeka, značajan razvoj interdisciplinarnog pristupa u izučavanju faktora o političkoj participaciji žena se dogodio tek osamdesetih i devedesetih godina ekspanzijom feminističke teorije. Shodno ovome, ključ za izučavanje političke socijalizacije i participacije žena postaje povezivanje političkih nauka, sociologije, psihologije i feminističke teorije, odnosno rodnih studija.

Politics / Political Sciences --- Politics --- Social Sciences --- Gender Studies --- Sociology --- Government/Political systems --- Electoral systems --- Bosnia and Herzegovina --- Politics and government

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The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has encouraged political scientists to re-examine the comparative literature on democratisation. A vast literature has now been produced comparing transitions from authoritarianism and democratisation in different parts of the world. However, there are two major omissions in the transition literature. First, the focus of research has primarily been on national level politics, and second, the relationship between federalism and democracy has largely been overlooked. This study seeks to redress this imbalance by moving the focus of research from the national level to the vitally important processes of institution building and democratisation at the local level and to the study of federalism and democratisation in Russia. Federal states are much more difficult to set up than unitary ones, and forging a new federal system at the same time as privatising the economy and trying to radically overhaul the political system has clearly made Russia's transition triply difficult. This book builds on Cameron Ross' earlier work, 'Regional Politics in Russia', by combining theoretical perspectives with empirical work to provide a comparative analysis of the electoral systems, party systems and governmental systems in the ethnic republics and regions and to assess the impact of theses different institutional arrangements on democratisation and federalism. Overall, this study argues that Russia's weak and asymmetrical form of federalism has played a major role in thwarting the consolidation of democracy. Federalism and democratisation in Russia exist in contradiction rather than harmony. In a vicious circle authoritarianism at the centre has been nourished by authoritarianism in the regions and vice versa. 'Elective dictatorships' and 'delegative democracies' are now well entrenched in many republics and authoritarian regimes are firmly established in a majority of the regions. This book will be vital reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Russian politics and democratisation.

Democratization. --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Russia. --- comparative analysis. --- democratisation. --- electoral systems. --- ethnic republics. --- federalism. --- governmental systems. --- institution building. --- institutional arrangements. --- party systems.

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About a quarter of all democracies today legally oblige their citizens to vote, making this an important aspect of electoral systems in many settings. Moreover, numerous commentators and policy-makers in voluntary voting states are coming to view mandatory attendance at the polls as an attractive option in the context of declining turnout. Yet there has been a dearth of analysis of the way in which compulsory voting shapes attitudes, behaviour and outcomes of the political process. This volume fills that gap by providing a comprehensive description, analysis and evaluation of compulsory voting

Voting, Compulsory. --- Compulsory voting --- Elections --- Politics, Practical --- Suffrage --- compulsory voting. --- democracy. --- electoral campaigns. --- electoral integrity. --- electoral participation. --- electoral systems. --- mandatory poll attendance. --- political attitudes. --- turnout. --- voluntary voting states. --- Political systems

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Učešće politički angažiranih žena u političkim procesima u Bosni i Hercegovini je predmet rasprave bosanskohercegovačke javne sfere već dugi niz godina. Ovom temom se najčešće bave predstavnici/e organizacija civilnog društva, pojedine odgovorne institucije i individualne braniteljice ženskih ljudskih prava. Trenutno stanje zastupljenosti žena u političkom životu nije zadovoljavajuće. Međutim, to je vrlo rijetko fokus rasprave predstavnika/ca političkih partija koji/e se neformalno i formalno pozivaju kao odgovorni/e za nedovoljan postotak učešća žena u vlasti. U svrhu razumijevanja konteksta položaja žena u javnoj sferi uopće sa posebnim osvrtom na politički život, u nastavku analize slijedi kratak pregled historijskog razvoja ženskog pokreta u BiH, zatim dio vezan za prava žena u savremenoj BiH, pregled trenutnog stanja učešća žena u politici, a nakon toga podaci o udjelu žena na kandidatskim listama za Opće izbore 2018., medijsko predstavljanje žena za vrijeme predizborne kampanje i pregled rezultata neposrednih izbora 2018.

Women --- Political participation --- Elections --- Political activity --- History --- Bosnia and Hezegovina --- Politics and government --- Politics / Political Sciences --- Politics --- Social Sciences --- Gender Studies --- Political Theory --- Sociology --- Government/Political systems --- Electoral systems --- Politics and communication --- Politics and society --- Evaluation research --- Sociology of Politics

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This paper argues that legislative malapportionment, denoting a discrepancy between the share of legislative seats and the share of population held by electoral districts, serves as a tool for pre-democratic elites to preserve their political power and economic interests after a transition to democracy. The authors claim that legislative malapportionment enhances the pre-democratic elite's political influence by over-representing areas that are more likely to vote for parties aligned with the elite. This biased political representation survives in equilibrium as long as it helps democratic consolidation. Using data from Latin America, the authors document empirically that malapportionment increases the probability of transitioning to a democracy. Moreover, the data show that over-represented electoral districts are more likely to vote for parties close to pre-democracy ruling groups. The analysis also finds that overrepresented areas have lower levels of political competition and receive more transfers per capita from the central government, both of which favor the persistence of power of pre-democracy elites.

Democracies --- Democratic regimes --- Economic power --- Elections --- Electoral systems --- Emerging Markets --- Governance --- Labor Policies --- Legislation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Parliamentary Government --- Political Economy --- Political groups --- Political influence --- Political representation --- Political Systems and Analysis --- Private Sector Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Voting